2024/03/20 City of Menifee Reciprocal Parking AgreementRECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA AND THE CITY OF MENIFEE
RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT
This RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT (“Agreement”) is made on
_________________ by and between the Judicial Council of California (the “Judicial Council”),
and the CITY OF MENIFEE, a California municipal corporation (“City”), with reference to the
following Recitals.
RECITALS
A. The State of California acting by and through the Judicial Council of California is
the owner in fee simple of that certain real property located in the City of Menifee, County of
Riverside, State of California, APN Number 360-860-012 (the “Judicial Council Property”).
B. The Judicial Council is developing a new courthouse on the Judicial Council
Property intended for use by the Superior Court of California, County of Riverside (the
“Courthouse”), which includes a parking lot for Courthouse visitors and jurors (the “Court
Parking Lot”) depicted on Exhibit “A” attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference.
As of the date of this Agreement, the Courthouse and Judicial Council Parking Lot are under
construction and are anticipated to be complete and opened on or around June 1, 2024.
C. The Judicial Council will finance the construction of the Courthouse through
issuance of State Public Works Board (“SPWB”) lease revenue bonds (“Bonds”) which will be in
part secured by site and facility leases between the Judicial Council and SPWB pertaining to the
Judicial Council Property (“Bond Documents”).
D. City is the owner in fee simple of that certain real property located in the City of
Menifee, County of Riverside, State of California, APN Number 360-850-015 (the “City
Property”).
E. City intends to develop the City Property as the new city hall for the City of
Menifee, which will include a paved parking lot on the easterly side of the City Property (the “City
Parking Lot”) depicted on Exhibit “B” attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference.
As of the date of this Agreement, the City Parking Lot is anticipated to begin construction in or
around February of 2024, and to be completed in the final quarter of 2024. The City intends to
make the City Parking Lot available for public use once it is complete. The date City provides
written notice to Judicial Council that the City Parking Lot is completed and ready for Judicial
Council’s use hereunder shall be referred to as the “City Parking Lot Completion Date.”
F. City and Judicial Council each agree that this Agreement is intended to be
temporarily in place until City opens its new city hall, at which point City anticipates having need
for the majority of parking spaces in the City Parking Lot for city hall purposes. Without limiting
either City’s or Judicial Council’s right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 2 hereof,
Judicial Council is advised that City will likely exercise its discretion to terminate this Agreement
when it opens the new city hall.
G. City and Judicial Council may each hereafter be referred to individually as a
“Party” or collectively as the “Parties.” The Judicial Council Property and the City Property may
DocuSign Envelope ID: 773D64FF-476F-4191-95AE-91977C774D13
March 20, 2024
RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA AND THE CITY OF MENIFEE
each hereinafter be referred to individually as a “Property” and collectively referred to as the
“Properties.” The Judicial Council Parking Lot and the City Parking lot may each hereinafter be
referred to individually as a “Parking Lot” and collectively referred to as the “Parking Lots.”
H. The Parties desire to enter into a reciprocal parking agreement whereby each Party
shall have a revokable, non-exclusive license to utilize the other Party’s Parking Lot during
designated hours, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Parties agree as follows:
1. Term of Agreement. This Agreement shall become effective on June 1, 2024 (“Effective
Date”).
2. Termination. Either Party may terminate this Agreement for any reason by giving thirty
(30) days’ prior written notice to the other Party.
3. Judicial Council License.
3.1 Judicial Council License Following City Parking Lot Completion Date. Subject to
Section 3.2, City hereby grants to Judicial Council a nonexclusive, revokable
license (the “Judicial Council License”) together with necessary vehicular and
pedestrian access thereto between the hours of 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M., Monday
through Friday, inclusive, of each week of the year, except for Judicial Branch
holidays available at https://www.courts.ca.gov/holidays.htm as the same may be
amended from time to time (“Courthouse Hours”). The Judicial Council License
is intended for use by Courthouse visitors and jurors. The Judicial Council License
is restricted to non-business vehicles and is limited to short-term parking purposes
and ingress and egress thereto. The Judicial Council License does not provide
Judicial Council with a right to use any part of the City Property for any other
purpose, including but not limited to staging, construction parking, long-term
parking, overnight parking, or event hosting. The actual number of parking spots
in the City Parking Lot open for use will vary due to the City Parking Lot being
available for public parking.
3.2 Judicial Council License Prior to City Parking Lot Completion Date.
Notwithstanding Section 3.1, the Parties acknowledge that the City Parking Lot will
be unpaved, unfinished, and part of a construction zone for the city hall project on
the City Property as of the Effective Date. Until the City Parking Lot Completion
Date, the Judicial Council License shall instead apply to the unfinished portion of
the City Property located on the west side of the City Property depicted on Exhibit
“C” hereto (“Unfinished Lot”) and shall not apply to the City Parking Lot. Judicial
Council acknowledges that to the extent it uses the Unfinished Lot, it hereby waives
and releases City from all risk and liability associated with Judicial Council’s use
of the Unfinished Lot, except to the extent arising from City’s gross negligence or
willful misconduct. City shall not be responsible for any maintenance or repair of
the Unfinished Lot notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement.
Furthermore, City shall not be responsible to guarantee any number of unreserved
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RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA AND THE CITY OF MENIFEE
parking spaces in the Unfinished Lot, as parking availability will vary during the
construction period. Upon prior written approval from the City Manager or
designee, Judicial Council may, at its sole risk and expense, install a sign at the
entrance to the Unfinished Lot posting the hours and days Courthouse visitors and
jurors are permitted to park there (the “Sign”). Prior to installation, the proposed
design and location of the Sign shall be submitted for the reasonable review and
approval of the City Manager or designee. The Sign must (a) comply with all City
laws and design standards related to signs, and (b) not imply a prohibition against
other parking users in the Unfinished Lot. This Section shall automatically
terminate and be of no further force and effect upon the City Parking Lot
Completion Date.
4. City License.
4.1 Grant of License. Judicial Council hereby grants to City a nonexclusive, revokable
license (the “City License”) to park in the Court Parking Lot together with
necessary vehicular and pedestrian access thereto from 5:00 P.M. to 2:00 A.M. each
day of the year. The Judicial Council License and City License may each
individually be referred to as a “License” and collectively as the “Licenses.” The
City License is intended for use by visitors to events conducted in Menifee Central
Park located near the Properties. The City License is restricted to non-business
vehicles and is limited to short-term parking purposes and ingress and egress
thereto. The City License does not provide City with a right to use any part of the
Judicial Council Property for any other purpose, including but not limited to
staging, construction parking, long-term parking, overnight parking, or event
hosting.
4.2 Subordination to Bond Documents. City acknowledges that the Judicial Council
intends to finance the construction of the Courthouse Project through issuance of
SPWB Bonds which will in part be secured by the Bond Documents, including any
and all amendments, extensions, renewals modifications, refinances, and
replacements of the Bond Documents. The City License is subordinate to each and
all of the Bond Documents, and City will coordinate with and take reasonable
direction from the Judicial Council to ensure the exercise of rights under the City
License is consistent with the Bond Documents. Further, City covenants and agrees
that it will coordinate with and take reasonable direction from the Judicial Council
to ensure its exercise of rights under the City License do not materially impair the
Judicial Council and SPWB’s quiet enjoyment and beneficial use of the Property
and the Courthouse Project, at any time during the term of the Bond Documents.
Nothing in this Paragraph shall be construed to impose any obligations under the
Bond Documents on City or oblige City to any party other than the Judicial Council
under this Agreement. If City reasonably believes that the Judicial Council’s
directions pursuant to the Bond Documents prevent the City from effectively
exercising the City License, City may terminate this Agreement by providing ten
(10) days’ written notice to the Judicial Council.
DocuSign Envelope ID: 773D64FF-476F-4191-95AE-91977C774D13
RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA AND THE CITY OF MENIFEE
5. Reserved Parking. The Licenses shall not apply to parking designated as reserved or
otherwise unavailable for unreserved use, provided that at least one hundred (100)
unreserved parking spots shall be provided in each Parking Lot. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to require either Party to
ensure that at least one hundred (100) unreserved parking spots are open for License use
so long as such unreserved parking spots are provided on a first-come first-served basis.
This Section shall not apply to the license granted by Section 3.2.
6. Reserved Rights. Judicial Council as to the Judicial Council Property and City as to the
City Property reserve the right to use their Property for all legal purposes, including parking
in the unreserved spaces in the Parking Lot thereupon.
7. Parking Rules and Closures. Judicial Council for the Judicial Council Property and City
for the City Property may establish reasonable rules and restrictions for use and parking on
the respective Properties, and each Party shall comply with such rules when exercising
their rights under the Licenses. However, neither Party shall close the unreserved portion
of the Parking Lot owned by that Party or permit any barrier to be put up on any portion of
the unreserved parking in the Parking Lot owned by that Party without the prior written
consent of the other Party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Judicial Council for the Judicial
Council Property and City for the City Property may temporarily close or limit access to
any portion of the Parking Lot on that Party’s Property at any time in the event of an
emergency which, in that Party’s reasonable discretion, would endanger persons or
property, and requires immediate closure or limitation. Each Party shall endeavor to
provide the other Party with notice of any emergency limitation or closure contemplated
hereunder within a reasonable time following such limitation or closure.
8. Obligation to Maintain. Each Party, at its sole cost and expense, shall maintain the Parking
Lots in good order, condition, and repair. This Section shall not apply to the license granted
by Section 3.2.
9. Insurance.
9.1 City Insurance. City for the City Property shall, at its sole cost and expense obtain
and keep in full force at all times, a policy or policies (which may be a combination
of primary coverage and umbrella policies) of commercial general liability
insurance written on an occurrence form with limits of not less than $2,000,000 per
occurrence and a $2,000,000 annual aggregate limit of liability. The policy or
policies shall include coverage for liabilities arising out of premises, operations,
independent contractors, products and completed operations, personal and
advertising injury, and liability assumed under an insured contract. This insurance
shall apply separately to each insured against whom a claim is made or lawsuit is
brought subject to the insurance policy limit of liability. City, at its sole cost and
expense shall obtain and keep in full force and effect at all times, an "all-risk"
coverage insurance against loss or damage to City Parking Lot from fire,
windstorm, and hail and damage by such other further and additional risks as may
now or hereafter be covered by the all risk/special form of property insurance
policy, with claims to be valued on a repair or replacement cost basis. City for the
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RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA AND THE CITY OF MENIFEE
City Property and Judicial Council for the Judicial Council Property agree to
cooperate in good faith in resolving any claims for insurance proceeds in the event
of any damage or insured casualty to the Parking Lots, and to use such insurance
proceeds to repair promptly any damage to the Parking Lots, as applicable,
following an insured casualty. Upon request from the Judicial Council, City shall
provide the Judicial Council with a certificate of insurance or alternative evidence
of insurance in a form reasonably acceptable to the Judicial Council.
9.2 Judicial Council Insurance. City acknowledges and accepts that Judicial Council
does not maintain commercial insurance coverage for property, general liability, or
motor vehicle claims, but instead addresses claims through its litigation
management program authorized by Government Code section 912.7 and
undertaken pursuant to rules 10.201 and 10.202 of the California Rules of Court.
A Certificate of Participation for Licensee’s litigation management program is
attached hereto as Exhibit “D” and incorporated herein by reference.
10. No Representations or Warranties. The Parties each acknowledge and agree that neither
Party makes any representation or warranty whatsoever that the Parking Lots are adequate
or safe for the uses intended by each Party granted a license hereunder; and City for the
City License, and Judicial Council for the Judicial Council License each assume all risks
in this regard. This Agreement does not impose any security obligation on either Party and
each Party’s use of the Parking Lots is at that Party’s sole risk.
11. Indemnification.
11.1 City Indemnification. To the fullest extent permitted by law, City shall indemnify,
protect, hold harmless, and defend (with counsel reasonably acceptable to the
Judicial Council), the Judicial Council and any and all of its officers, employees,
officials, volunteers, and agents from and against any and all claims, losses, costs,
damages, expenses, liabilities, liens, actions, causes of action (whether in tort,
contract, under statute, at law, in equity, or otherwise) charges, awards,
assessments, fines, or penalties of any kind (including reasonable consultant and
expert fees and expenses of investigation) of whatever kind and nature (“Claims”)
arising from (a) use of or incidents on the City Parking Lot, or (b) City’s breach of
this Agreement, except to the extent arising out of the gross negligence or willful
misconduct of the Judicial Council or any of its officers, employees, officials,
volunteers, or agents. This Subsection 11.1 shall not apply to Claims arising from
the Judicial Council’s use of the Unfinished Lot.
11.2 Judicial Council Indemnification. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the
Judicial Council shall indemnify, protect, hold harmless, and defend (with counsel
reasonably acceptable to the City), the City and any and all of its officers,
employees, officials, volunteers, and agents from and against any and all Claims
arising from (a) use of or incidents on the Court Parking Lot, (b) the Judicial
Council’s breach of this Agreement, or (c) the Judicial Council’s use of the
Unfinished Lot, except to the extent arising out of the gross negligence or willful
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RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA AND THE CITY OF MENIFEE
misconduct of the City or any of its officers, employees, officials, volunteers, or
agents.
12. Default, Cure. In the event that either Party fails to comply with its obligations under this
Agreement (“Defaulting Party”), the other Party (“Non-Defaulting Party”) may deliver
notice to the Defaulting Party setting forth in reasonable detail the default alleged. The
Defaulting Party shall cure the default within thirty (30) days of receipt of such notice. If
the Defaulting Party fails to cure the default, the Non-Defaulting Party may terminate this
Agreement at the end of the thirty (30) day period by providing written notice to the
Defaulting Party.
13. No Liens or Encumbrances. Neither Party shall create or cause to be imposed, claimed, or
filed upon the other Party’s Property or any portion thereof, or upon the other Party’s
interest therein, any lien (including mechanic’s liens), charge or encumbrance whatsoever.
Section 11, Indemnification, shall specifically apply to a Party’s failure to comply with this
Section. In the event a Party causes a lien or encumbrance to attach to the other Party’s
Property in violation of this Section, said Party shall promptly cause such lien or
encumbrance to be discharged at its sole cost. If a Party fails to comply with the preceding
sentence, the other Party may cause the lien or encumbrance to be discharged and charge
the failing Party the cost of reimbursement of all costs and expenses associated with
discharging the lien or encumbrance, together with interest thereon not to exceed three
percent (3%) per annum, or the maximum amount permitted by applicable law, whichever
is lower, until paid.
14. Notices. Notices required to be delivered under this Agreement or under applicable law
shall be personally delivered by United States mail, prepaid, certified, return receipt
requested, or by reputable document delivery service that provides a receipt showing date
and time of delivery. Notices personally delivered or delivered by a document delivery
service shall be effective upon receipt. Notices delivered by mail shall be effective at 5:00
p.m. on the third business day following dispatch. Notices delivered by e-mail shall be
effective the following day, provided there is confirmation of receipt of said e-mail by the
Party sending the e-mail. Notices shall be delivered to the following addresses, which may
be changed from time to time upon written notice to the other Party:
To City:
City of Menifee
Attn: Rebekah Kramer
29844 Huan Rd
Menifee CA, 92586
e-mail: rkramer@cityofmenifee.us
With a copy to:
Rutan & Tucker, LLP
Attn: Jeffrey T. Melching
18575 Jamboree Rd., 9th Floor
Irvine, CA 92612
e-mail: jmelching@rutan.com
DocuSign Envelope ID: 773D64FF-476F-4191-95AE-91977C774D13
RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA AND THE CITY OF MENIFEE
To Judicial
Council
Judicial Council of California
Facilities Services
Attention: Associate Facilities Analyst
2860 Gateway Oaks Drive, Suite 400
Sacramento, CA 95833
Voice: 916-643-8067
e-mail: JCCRealEstate @jud.ca.gov |
With a copy to: Judicial Council of California
Facilities Services
Attention: Manager, Real Estate
2860 Gateway Oaks, Suite 400
Sacramento, CA 95833
Voice: 916-263-7999
15. Law, Venue. This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of California. Any
action to enforce the rights and obligations of the Parties hereunder shall be commenced in
the courts of competent jurisdiction in Riverside County, California.
16. Force Majeure. If the performance of any act required by this Agreement to be performed
by either Party is prevented or delayed by reason of any act of God, strike, lockout,
pandemic, labor trouble, inability to secure materials, restrictive governmental laws or
regulations, or any other cause (except financial inability) not the fault of the Party required
to perform the act, the time for performance of the act will be extended for a period
equivalent to the period of delay and performance of the act during the period of delay will
be excused.
17. No Third-Party Beneficiaries. There are no third-party beneficiaries to this Agreement.
18. No Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned by either Party without the prior
written consent of the other Party. This Agreement shall immediately terminate if the State
of California acting by and through the Judicial Council is no longer the owner in fee simple
of the Judicial Council Property, or if City is no longer the owner in fee simple of the City
Property.
19. Attorneys’ Fees. In the event of any litigation or arbitration between the parties hereto
with respect to the subject matter hereof, the unsuccessful party to such litigation or
arbitration shall reimburse the successful party for the reasonable costs and expenses,
including court costs and attorneys’ fees, incurred by the successful party, all of which
shall be included in and as a part of the judgment or award rendered in such litigation or
arbitration.
20. Authority. Each Party represents and warrants to the other that said Party has full right and
authority to enter into this Agreement, and that said Party’s entry into this Agreement does
not require permission or consent of any third party and does not violate any other
agreements to which said Party is bound.
DocuSign Envelope ID: 773D64FF-476F-4191-95AE-91977C774D13
RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA AND THE CITY OF MENIFEE
21. Severability. If any term, covenant, condition or provision of this Agreement is held by a
court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the
provisions hereof shall remain in full force and shall not be affected, impaired or
invalidated thereby.
22. Survival. All obligations arising prior to the expiration or termination of this Agreement
and all provisions of this Agreement allocating liability between the Parties shall survive
the expiration or termination of this Agreement.
23. No Partnership or Joint Venture. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to render
the Parties in any way or for any purpose a partner, joint venturer, or associate in any
relationship with one another, nor shall this Agreement authorize either Party to act as an
agent for the other.
24. Rights and Remedies Cumulative. The rights and remedies herein provided are cumulative
and not exclusive of any available to a Party at law or in equity.
25. Administration of Agreement.
25.1 Judicial Council Administration. The Judicial Council Contract Manager or
authorized designee shall have the authority to execute this Agreement and any
other documents or approvals necessary to effectuate the purpose of this Agreement
on behalf of Judicial Council and may administratively approve and execute
amendments hereto which do not, in the Judicial Council Contract Manager’s
discretion, result in material changes to the rights or obligations of the Parties
hereunder.
25.2 City Administration. The City Manager or authorized designee shall have the
authority to execute this Agreement and any other documents or approvals
necessary to effectuate the purpose of this Agreement on behalf of City and may
administratively approve and execute amendments hereto which do not, in the City
Manager’s discretion, result in material changes to the rights or obligations of the
Parties hereunder. The City Manager may refer any matter subject to the City
Manager’s or authorized designee’s approval to the City Council.
26. Recitals and Exhibits. The Recitals and Exhibits to this Agreement are incorporated herein
by this reference.
27. Counterparts and Electronic Execution. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts
(including PDF copies), each of which shall be deemed an original as against the Party
signing such counterpart and which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
The Parties agree that the signature pages of this Agreement may be executed, scanned,
and transmitted electronically and electronic signatures shall be deemed original signatures
for purposes of this Agreement, with such scanned and electronic signatures having the
same legal effect as original signatures.
DocuSign Envelope ID: 773D64FF-476F-4191-95AE-91977C774D13
RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA AND THE CITY OF MENIFEE
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first
above written.
[Signatures on following page]
DocuSign Envelope ID: 773D64FF-476F-4191-95AE-91977C774D13
RECIPROCAL PARKING AGREEMENT BY AND BETWEEN
THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA AND THE CITY OF MENIFEE
CITY OF MENIFEE,
a California municipal corporation
____________________________
By: _________________________
Title: ________________________
Dated: _______________________
JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA
____________________________
By: Stephen Saddler
Title: Manager, Contracts
Dated: _______________________
ATTEST:
____________________________
By: Sarah Manwaring
Title: City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
____________________________
By: Jeffrey T. Melching
Title: City Attorney
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
____________________________
By: Erin E. Stagg
Title: Attorney
February 28, 2024
DocuSign Envelope ID: 773D64FF-476F-4191-95AE-91977C774D13
Acting City Clerk
3/25/2024
___________
________________ Stephanie Roseen
Armando G. Villa
City Manager
Exhibit “A”
Exhibit “A”
Depiction of Judicial Council Parking Lot
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Exhibit “B”
Exhibit “B”
Depiction of City Parking Lot
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Exhibit “C”
Exhibit “C”
Depiction of Unfinished Lot
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Exhibit “D”
CERTIFICATE OF PARTICIPATION
[See Next Pages]
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Exhibit “D”
JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF CALIFORNIA
2860 Gateway Oaks Drive, Suite 400 . Sacramento, California 95833-4336
Telephone 916-263-7885 . Fax 916-263-1966 . TDD 415-865-4272
MEMORANDUM
To
City of Menifee
From
Maggie W. Stern, Attorney
Legal Services
Subject
Certificate of Participation: California
Judicial Branch Litigation Management
Program
Action Requested
Please Review and Retain
Deadline
N/A
Contact
Maggie W. Stern
916-643-8040
maggie.stern@jud.ca.gov
A. Purpose of Memo
Please retain this memo as your proof of the Judicial Council and Superior Court of California,
County of Riverside’s (“Court”) participation in the Litigation Management Program of the
judicial branch of the State of California.
B. Overview
The Judicial Council and Court are each an entity of the judicial branch of the State of California.
The Judicial Council of California established the Litigation Management Program
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Exhibit “D”
to address litigation and claims against judicial branch entities,1 including the superior courts. The
program is administered pursuant to statutes and rules of court governing the management of
litigation and claims against California judicial branch entities and judicial officers.
C. Applicable Statutes
Sections 811.9 and 912.7 of the Government Code codify the responsibility of the Judicial Council
to provide representation, defense, and indemnification of the trial courts, and their judges,
subordinate judicial officers, executive officers, and employees, in accordance with sections 810
through 995 of the Government Code. Section 965(c) codifies the responsibility of the State of
California to pay settlements and judgments arising out of the activities of a judicial branch entity.
D. Applicable Rules of Court
The Litigation Management Program is administered in accordance with rules 10.14, 10.201,
10.202 and 10.203 of the California Rules of Court, which are promulgated under sections 811.9
and 912.7 of the Government Code. The rules require the Judicial Council’s Legal Services office
to manage and administer a program for investigating and resolving all claims and lawsuits
affecting the courts.
E. Duration of Superior Court’s Participation
The Judicial Council and Court’s participation in the Litigation Management Program is
mandatory and continues without interruption in accordance with the statutes and rules of court.
1“Judicial branch entities” are defined in section 900.3 of the Government Code as including the
superior courts, the Courts of Appeal, the Supreme Court, and the Judicial Council of California.
The requirements for actions against public employees, as set forth in sections 950 through 951 of
the Government Code, apply to actions against employees of those judicial branch entities.
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