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15-464 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 1 CONTACT INFORMATION City of Menifee 29714 Haun Road Menifee, CA 92586 Tel: (951) 672-6777 Fax: (951) 679-3843 www.cityofmenifee.us Prepared for: CITY OF MENIFEE Prepared by: Cynthia Walker City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 2 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of hazard mitigation is to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from hazards. Hazard Mitigation, along with preparedness, response, and recovery are the four phases of emergency management. Hazard mitigation is the only phase of emergency management specifically dedicated to breaking the cycle of damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage. The 2013 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) is a new plan to make the City less vulnerable to future hazard events. This plan was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act), as amended by Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 and the 44 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 201 – Mitigation Planning, to be eligible for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Pre-Disaster Mitigation and Hazard Mitigation Grant programs. The City of Menifee followed a planning process prescribed by FEMA, which began with the formation of a Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) comprised of Riverside County Fire and Sheriff Departments, City Council members, City staff and invited public. The public was given formal notice of the City’s Hazard Mitigation planning on the City web page and invited to participate in a Hazard Survey for further involvement in the planning process. The survey was displayed on the City web page as well as the front lobby of City Hall for 30 days.1 The HMPC conducted a risk assessment that identified and profiled hazards that pose a risk to Menifee, assessed the City’s vulnerability to these hazards, and examined the capabilities in place to mitigate them. The City is vulnerable to several hazards that are identified, profiled, and analyzed in this plan. Earthquakes, Floods, and Wildfire/Urban Fires are among the hazards that can have a significant impact on the City. However, with careful planning and collaboration among public agencies, stakeholders, and citizens, it is possible to minimize losses that can occur from disasters. Based on the risk assessment, the HMPC identified goals and objectives for reducing the City’s vulnerability to hazards. The goals of the plan are to 1) Protect life, property and environment; 2) Provide public awareness; 3) Protect the continuity of government; and 4) Improve emergency management, preparedness, collaboration and outreach. 1 Appendix A, Meetings and Public Outreach City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 3 2.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Scott Mann, Mayor Wallace Edgerton, Deputy Mayor, District 3 John Denver, Councilmember, District 4 Tom Fuhrman, Councilmember, District 2 Greg August, Councilmember, District 1 Rob Johnson, Interim City Manager Zuzzette Bricker, Riverside County Fire, OES Jorge Rodriguez, Riverside County Fire Chief Margarita Cornejo, Finance Julie Woodruff, Administrative Services Director Kathy Bennett, City Clerk Charles Guillen, Riverside County Sherriff Mike Judge, City of Menifee Police John Hill, City of Menifee Police Allen Yun, Community Improvements Terri Willoughby, Finance Director Angie Johnson, Riverside County Fire Jonathan Smith, Public Works/Engineering Director Colin McNie, Building Official Avie Barron, Code Enforcement Brain Oulman, Economic Development David Ross, Engineering Danis Bechter, Engineering David Sorenson, Traffic Engineer Joseph Gonzales, Public Works/Engineering Lori Wolfe, Public Works Molly Binnall, Building and Safety City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 4 3.0 OFFICIAL RECORD OF DOCUMENTATION This section provides a general and comprehensive view of the Disaster Act of 2000. This includes a review of the federal requirements, City adoption and supporting documentation. 3.1 Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 Requirements The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000), commonly known as the 2000 Stafford Act Amendment, was approved by Congress on October 10, 2000. On October 30, 2000, the President signed the bill into law, creating public Law 106-390. The DMA 2000 is the latest legislation to improve the hazard mitigation planning process. The new legislation reinforces the importance of mitigation planning and emphasizes planning for disasters before they occur. As such, this Act establishes a pre- disaster hazard mitigation program and new requirements for the nation post-disaster Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). The Act specifically addresses mitigation planning at the state and local levels. It identifies new requirements that allow HMGP funds to be used for planning activities, and increases the amount of HMGP funds available to states that have developed a comprehensive, enhanced mitigation plan prior to a disaster. States and communities must have an approved mitigation plan in place prior to receiving post-disaster HMGP funds. Local and tribal mitigation plans must demonstrate that their proposed mitigation measures are based on a sound planning process that accounts for the risk to and the capabilities of the individual communities. State governments have certain responsibilities for implementing the Act. DMA 2000 is intended to facilitate cooperation between state and local authorities, prompting them to work together. It encourages and rewards local and state pre-disaster planning and promotes sustainability as a strategy for disaster resistance. This enhanced planning network will better enable local and state governments to articulate accurate needs for mitigation, resulting in faster allocation of funding and more effective risk reduction projects. To implement the DMA 2000 planning requirements, FEMA prepared an Interim Final Rule, published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002, which establishes planning and funding criteria for states and local communities. Normally, FEMA publishes a proposed rule for public comment before publishing a final rule. This process can result in a lengthy comment and response period, during which the proposed rule is not legally effective or enforceable. Because certain types of Stafford Act assistance are conditioned on having an approved mitigation plan, FEMA wanted to publish an effective rule providing the DMA 2000 planning requirements in order to position State and local governments to receive these mitigation funds as soon as possible. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 5 TABLE 3-1 DMA 2000 REQUIREMENTS – PREREQUISITES Adoption by the Local Governing Body REQUIREMENT §201.6(C)(5) The local hazard mitigation plan shall include documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan (e.g., City Council, County Commissioner, and Tribal Council). EXPLANATION Adoption by the local governing body demonstrates the jurisdiction’s commitment to fulfilling the mitigation goals and objectives outlined in the plan. Adoption legitimizes the plan and authorizes responsible agencies to execute their responsibilities. For final approval by FEMA, the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan must include a copy of the local governing body’s resolution, adopting the Plan. ELEMENT A. Has the plan been formally adopted by the local governing body? B. Is a copy of the signed plan adoption resolution included? Adoption by the local governing body and supporting documentation The City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan meets the requirements of Section 409 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988 (Stafford Act) and Section 322 of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000). This includes complying with the requirement that the plan be adopted by the City of Menifee Council. The City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan has been prepared by the City of Menifee Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) and adopted by the City of Menifee Council via resolution. A copy of the signed resolution is provided on the following page. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 6 3.2 PLAN ADOPTION/RESOLUTION Pending (Reserved for City Adoption) City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 7 4.0 BACKGROUND 4.1 Introduction The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA), commonly known as the 2000 Stafford Act amendment, was approved by Congress on October 10, 2000. On October 30, 2000, the President signed the bill into law, creating Public Law 106-390, amended the Stafford Act with regards to hazard mitigation planning, primarily by moving from post-disaster mitigation to pre-disaster mitigation, planning and projects. The DMA 2000 emphasizes greater interaction between State and local hazard identification, mitigation planning and other mitigation activities. In addition, both the State and Federal Governments have a continuing interest in streamlining the mitigation planning, implementation and project funding process. 4.2 Purpose and Authority of the Plan The City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan’s purpose is to fulfill the Federal DMA, which calls for all communities to prepare mitigation plans. The plan includes resources and information to assist City residents, public and private sector organizations, and others interested in participating in planning for hazards. The plan provides a list of mitigation activities that may assist the City in reducing risk and preventing loss from future hazard events. Hazard mitigation is any action that reduces the effects of future disasters. It has been demonstrated that hazard mitigation is most effective when based on an inclusive, comprehensive, long-term plan that is developed before a disaster actually occurs. Hazard mitigation, along with preparedness, response, and recovery are the four phases of emergency management. Hazard mitigation is the only phase of emergency management specifically dedicated to breaking the cycle of damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000), Section 322 (a-d) requires that local governments, as a condition of receiving federal disaster mitigation funds, have a mitigation plan that describes the process for identifying hazards, risks and vulnerabilities, identify and prioritize mitigation action, encourage the development of local mitigation and provide technical support in those efforts. This mitigation plan serves to meet those requirements. 4.3 Plan Description The City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan consists of the following primary sections; Community Profile This section provides details of our community to provide sufficient background on the hazard profiles and risk assessments that are presented in subsequent sections. This description includes regional setting, history, government, and also includes information regarding the climate, population, demographics, and economy. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 8 Vulnerability Assessment Through this process the planning committee identified and gathered corresponding data on all potential hazards that present a danger to the City of Menifee. The information gathered includes historical data on natural hazard events that have occurred in and near the City and what impact these events has on residents and their property. Risk Assessment This section utilizes the information gathered through the vulnerability assessment process to determine what assets in the community will be affected by the hazard event. The inventory of assets includes people, housing units, critical facilities, infrastructure, hazardous materials facilities and commercial facilities. This data was compiled by assessing the potential impacts from each hazard using past events. The information in this section provides the City with information that outlines the full range of hazards the City may face and potential social impacts, damages and economic losses. Mitigation Strategy This section identifies mitigation actions/measures and implementation strategies for the City. Additionally, this section provides a comprehensive strategy for addressing mitigation priorities. The mitigation measures include preventive actions, property protection techniques, structural projects, natural resource protection strategies, emergency services and public education and awareness activities. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 9 5.0 PLANNING PROCESS This section describes the process in which the plan was developed. This includes the federal requirement followed by the City’s actions applied to this process. 5.1 DMA 2000 Requirements The table below summarizes the DMA 2000 requirements for documentation of the planning process. TABLE 5-1 DMA 2000 REQUIREMENTS – PLANNING PROCESS AND DOCUMENTATION Planning Process REQUIREMENT §201.6(b) and §201.6(c) (!) Requires that there be an open public involvement process in the formation of the plan. This includes opportunities for the public to comment on the plan at all stages of its formation, and the involvement of any neighboring communities, interested agencies, or private and non-profit organization. This should also include a review of any existing plans or studies and incorporation of these if appropriate. Documentation of the planning process, including how the plan was prepared, who was involved in the process, and how the public was involved is essential. EXPLANATION A description of the planning process should include how the plan was prepared, who was involved in the planning process, and the timeframe for preparing the plan. The plan should document how the planning team was formed and the number and outcomes of the meetings the planning team held. Ideally, the local mitigation planning team is composed of local, State, and federal agency representatives, as well as community representative, local business leaders, and educators. In addition to the core team preparing the plan, it is also important to indicate how the public (residents, businesses, and other interested parties) participated, including what means (e.g., WebPages, storefronts, toll free phone lines, etc.) were made available to those who could not attend public forums to voice concern or provide input during the planning process. ELEMENT A. Does the plan provide a description of how the plan was prepared? B. Does the plan indicate how the planning team was formed (including who was involved?) C. Does the plan indicate how the public was involved in the process? D. Does the planning process describe what means were made available to those who could not attend public meeting to provide input? City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 10 5.2 Plan Development Representatives from the City of Menifee Council, City staff: (Management, Finance, Engineering, Code Enforcement, Community Development), Riverside County Fire, Menifee Police and Public Works departments within the Public Safety Committee formed the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC). The HMPC held four (4) monthly public meetings beginning in September 2013.2 These four monthly public meetings were opened to the general public and neighboring communities and provided them with an opportunity for public input into the plan development process. Detailed information regarding the meetings can be found in Appendix A. The HMPC contributed to identifying possible hazards, discussed their impact on the City, developed public outreach strategies and evaluated the draft Plan for public review. City staff participated in ranking the severity and probability of the identified hazards by means of questionnaires. 5.3 Community Participation The City of Menifee gave “Notice of Hazard Mitigation Planning” via the City web page with information regarding Hazard Mitigation, notification of the process, an invitation to be involved by participating in meetings and taking part in a survey. Survey questions related to their experiences with disasters, concerns with disasters, actions they may have taken making their homes or neighborhoods more resistant to hazards, the most effective way to receive information and the importance of public education and awareness. Surveys were made available via the City web page and displayed at City Hall front lobby beginning October 7, 2013 thru November 5, 2013.3 The public expressed concerns with loss of essential services during a disaster, the City’s ability to respond, and requested more disaster education and/or reference links to be made available on the City web site. The information ascertained from these surveys was utilized to identify hazards and prioritize the mitigation strategies within the plan. The Riverside County Operational Area Planning Committee, consisting of representatives from cities all throughout Riverside County, volunteer organizations, California Office of Emergency Services, Riverside County Fire Department Office of Emergency Services, elected officials, and many others was utilized on April 12, 2012 to include regional input and participation into the planning development process.E1 Meetings were open to the general public and members were invited through e-mail. The Southwest Committee Meeting was utilized on May 17, 2011 to include input from the surrounding local communities of Lake Elsinore, Temecula, Wildomar, Canyon Lake, Murrieta and the Temecula Band of Luiseno Mission Indians into the planning development process.E2 Meetings were open to the general public and members were invited through e-mail. 2 Appendix A, Meetings and Public Outreach 3 Appendix A, Meetings and Public Outreach E1 Appendix E, Additional Meetings and Public Outreach E2 Appendix E, Additional Meetings and Public Outreach City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 11 5.4 Existing Plans and Studies The following reports and plans were reviewed and incorporated into the City of Menifee’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan:  Earth Consultants International, Inc. Technical Report, 2010 & 2012  City of Menifee General Plan, September 2013  County of Riverside Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, June 2012  City of Menifee Capital Improvements Plan, June 20134  Derrigo Demographic Studies, May 2013  City of Menifee Emergency Operations Plan, July 2012 The Earth Consultants International, Inc. Technical Report, 2010 & 2012 was utilized to identify seismic, geologic, flooding, fire, hazardous materials, and wind hazards impacting the City of Menifee. The City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan mitigation strategies will be consistent with the Environmental Hazards of the City of Menifee General Plan. The County of Riverside Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, June 2012 was utilized to review mitigation strategies hazards that impact the City of Menifee. The City of Menifee Capital Improvements Plan, June 2013 was utilized to identify capital improvement projects that will enhance and prioritize mitigation strategies for hazards impacting the City of Menifee. The Derrigo Demographic Studies, May 2013 was utilized to identify demographic characteristics for the City of Menifee and analyze the existing and planned residential projects and major anchor retail within the city limits of Menifee. The City of Menifee Emergency Operations Plan, July 2012 was utilized to assess the capabilities and resources that the City of Menifee has available to respond to an emergency or disaster situation. 6.0 COMMUNITY PROFILE This section is to provide a glimpse into the community of Menifee. This includes general information concerning location, history, government, climate, population and economy. 6.1 Location5 The City of Menifee is centrally located in southwestern Riverside County, California, approximately 80 miles southeast of Los Angeles, and 77 miles north of San Diego. The City is generally bordered on 4 Appendix C. City of Menifee Capital Improvements Plan 5 Map 1, City of Menifee City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 12 the north, west, and south by the Cities of Perris, Canyon Lake, Lake Elsinore and Murrieta and on the southwest by the City of Wildomar. To the east and northeast, the City borders unincorporated County territory. The City is situated along Interstate 215 which runs through the center of the City, and is an important north-south link between San Diego, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. Menifee encompasses approximately 29,813 acres (46 square miles) with an elevation of 1,650 feet above sea level. The City of Menifee consists largely of a flat floor surrounded by hillside and mountainous features. Rugged rock outcroppings are scattered throughout the area and serve to break up the visual sameness typical of unvaried landscapes. 6.2 History The area was originally inhabited by the Luiseño people, specifically the Pechanga band. In the 18th century, the area fell under Spanish rule and was ceded by Mexico to the United States in 1850 as a result of the Mexican-American War. Farming which began in the mid-19th century was concentrated in the Menifee area. Mining began in the early 1880s with the discovery of a significant quartz lode by miner Luther Menifee Wilson, from which Menifee derived its name. Early development of the Menifee area began with Sun City in the early 1960s as the concept of an active retirement community envisioned by Del Webb, a building contractor from Phoenix, Arizona. Webb also developed Sun City, Arizona under the same concept. Sun City is a centrally located neighborhood within Menifee with a mix of residential and commercial activity. The Menifee area later grew during the late 1980s and into the early 1990s as a master-planned community. There has been substantial growth in Menifee with new home construction with large lakes, and fine amenities, attracting many residents from the Inland Empire and Los Angeles to live. On June 3, 2008, the residents of the communities encompassing the Menifee area voted to incorporate together to form Riverside County’s 26th City. The City of Menifee was officially established on October 1, 2008. 6.3 Government The City of Menifee is a General Law City that operates under the Council-Manager form of city government. Since incorporation in 2008, the City has been governed by a five-member Council. Beginning in 2012, the voters elected City Council members by District for four year terms, with a Mayor elected “at-large” for a two year term. The City Council holds regular public meetings on the first and third Wednesday of each month. 6.4 Climate City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 13 The City of Menifee area climate is described as Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Menifee enjoys plenty of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 263 sunshine days and only 35 days with measurable precipitation annually. The period of April through November is warm to hot and dry with average high temperatures of 83- 101F and lows of 32-50F, though in the summer, temperatures can easily reach above 100F, and occasionally above 105. The period of November through March is when the area receives much of its precipitation. 6.5 Population/Demographics The City of Menifee is among California’s fastest growing cities, the eighth most populace city in Riverside County, and comprises 3.6% of the County’s population. As of May 2013, 83,195 people live within the City Limits of Menifee. The City is estimated to experience a 10% increase in population by 2015 to 91,482 people. TABLE 6-1 Demographics, May 20136 Category Population 83,195 Projected Population (May 2015) 91,482 Median household income: $58,786 Median house value: $248,274 Households: 32,238 Average person per household: 2.85 6.6 Land Use/Economy Approximately 33 percent of the current land uses are residential. Agricultural land uses account for approximately 6 percent (1,651 acres, includes agriculture crops, dairy, and nursery), and the remaining land (approximately 10 percent) is occupied by educational, commercial, industrial, manufacturing, utilities, golf courses, and local park and recreational land uses. The City currently has approximately 32,859 dwelling units and 11,982,509 feet of nonresidential uses. Since the City of Menifee is a newly incorporated City, its sphere of influence (SOI) boundary is contiguous with the City boundary. For the first time in the City’s history the City Council approved a five-year Capital Improvement Program (CIP).7 The ambitious $70 to $100 million CIP will serve as a roadmap to complete seven significant traffic circulation improvement projects in the next five years. Menifee has undergone tremendous growth over the last 10 to 15 years and now has a population over 80,000, with this number anticipated to reach over 100,000 by the end of the decade. The City has significant advantages that make it attractive for investment: 6 Derrigo Demographic Study May 2013 7 Appendix C, City of Menifee Capital Improvements Plan City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 14  Available Land – the City has sizeable amounts of quality commercial and freeway visible land  The City is centrally located within Riverside County  Competitive Land Costs – compared to locations in San Diego, Orange and Los Angeles Counties, the cost of land is much more reasonable, offering lower overall development costs, and lower property tax expenditures  Easy Access to Markets/Suppliers/Customers – Menifee’s central location provides quick access to major transportation options, including trucking, rail, and air shipments, to move supplies in, and completed products to their final destination  Available Skilled Workforce – within Menifee, and in the surrounding communities  Educational Facilities to partner with for employment training includes Mt. San Jacinto College (Menifee campus), University of California – Riverside, and San Marcos California State University. These higher education resources provide employers’ access to student populations with a wide range of education, from business to high tech  High Quality Housing is plentiful and reasonably priced  Assistance from the City to guide and help beneficial projects through all stages of a project  Strong and clear leadership from the City Council The Economic Development Department has created several programs to help those that are interested in investing in Menifee’s future:  Business Incentive Program  Business Retention Program City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 15 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 16 7.0 RISK ASSESSMENT This section identifies the hazards that may affect the City of Menifee, profiles of the major hazards, assess the risk of such hazards, describe the City’s vulnerability, and estimate potential losses from the hazards. 7.1 DMA 2000 Requirements The overall DMA 2000 requirements for the risk assessment are shown in Table 7-1. The requirements mandate only natural disasters be addressed, however, the City of Menifee has also included the most significant human-caused hazards in this plan. TABLE 7-1 RISK ASSESSMENT – OVERALL REQUIREMENT §201.6(c)(2) Local risk assessment must provide sufficient information to enable the jurisdiction to identify and prioritize appropriate mitigation actions to reduce losses from identified hazards. This includes detailed descriptions of all the hazards that could affect the jurisdiction along with an analysis of the jurisdiction’s vulnerability to those hazards. Specific information about numbers and types of structures, potential dollar losses, and an overall description of land use trends in the jurisdiction must be included in this analysis. EXPLANATION The local risk assessment should identify what hazards are likely to affect the area. The plan should describe the sources used to identify hazards, noting any data limitations, and provide an explanation for eliminating any hazards from consideration. The process for identifying hazards could involve one or more of the following:  Reviewing reports, plans, flood ordinances, and land use regulations among others:  Talking to experts from federal, State, and local agencies and universities;  Searching the Internet and newspapers; and  Interviewing long-time residents. 7.2 Identifying and Screening Hazards The City of Menifee HMPC identified several hazards that are addressed in the plan. These hazards include natural and human-caused hazards that might affect persons and property in the City of Menifee. The hazards were ranked based on the initial analysis. Seventeen hazards were identified among planning committee members as well as through public input, researching past disasters, the Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan 2012, and risks identified in the July 2010 Earth Consultants International, Inc. Technical Background Report. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 17 TABLE 7-2 Hazard Identification Ranking/Location/Severity and Probability Ranking Hazard Location Severity (0-4) Probability (0-4) 2 Wildfire Areas in the hills of Menifee 3 3 3 Earthquake Citywide 4 3 1 Flooding Citywide, especially Ethanac area and Salt Creek crossing at Bradley Road 3 4 7 Landslide Citywide, especially north of Menifee Lakes 2 2 16 Insect Infestation Citywide 1 2 4 Extreme Weather Citywide 2 3 5 Windstorm Citywide 2 3 8 Drought Citywide 2 3 9 Dam Failure/Inundation Citywide 4 2 10 Pipeline Citywide 2 2 6 Transportation Citywide and Interstate 215 2 2 12 Power Outage Citywide 3 4 11 Hazardous Materials Citywide 3 3 17 Nuclear Citywide 4 2 14 Terrorism (Manmade) Citywide 4 2 15 Civil Unrest Citywide 2 2 13 Pandemic Flu/Disease Citywide 3 2 7.3 Relationships of Hazards Table 7-3 shows a summary of the relationships between hazards, often called cascading hazards. For example, a flood may trigger other hazards, such as a landslide. A civil disorder may cause fires or may be a cause of terrorism. Another example is earthquakes, which may cause fires, pipeline incidents, hazardous materials incidents and power outages. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 18 TABLE 7-3 Summary of Relationships of Hazards May Cause Other Hazards Hazard Description Wi l d f i r e Ea r t h q u a k e Fl o o d i n g La n d s l i d e In s e c t I n f e s t a t i o n Ex t r e m e W e a t h e r Wi n d s t o r m Dr o u g h t Da m F a i l u r e / I n u n d a t i o n Pi p e l i n e Tr a n s p o r t a t i o n Po w e r O u t a g e Ha z a r d o u s M a t e r i a l s Nu c l e a r Te r r o r i s t ( M a n m a d e ) Ci v i l U n r e s t Pa n d e m i c / D i s e a s e Wildfire X X X X X X X X Earthquake X X X X X X X X X X Flooding X X X X X X X X X X Landslide X X X X X X Insect Infestation X X Extreme Weather X X X X X X Windstorm X X X X Drought X X X X X Dam Failure/Inundation X X X X X X X Pipeline X X X X X X Transportation X X X X X Power Outage X X X X Hazardous Materials X X X Nuclear X X Terrorism (Manmade) X X X X X X X X X X X X Civil Unrest X X X X X X X Pandemic Flu/Disease X X X 7.4 Loss Estimation Table 7-4 and 7-5 retrieved from Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Plan 2012, shows estimated property values in Menifee and the surrounding unincorporated County areas of Menifee. TABLE 7-4 Estimated Property Values, Incorporated areas, City of Menifee8 Commercial Resident Commercial Properties Single Family Residences Multi-Family Residences Manufactured Housing 7 771 24,791 926 2,870 $121,744,193 $737,056,214 $4,267,067,081 $67,286,039 $225,929,959 8 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 4.5 (144) City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 19 TABLE 7-5 Estimated Property Values, Unincorporated areas, City of Menifee9 Commercial Resident Commercial Properties Single Family Residences Multi-Family Residences Manufactured Housing 1 N/A 1,037 N/A 111 $24,007,212 N/A $253,934,294 N/A $21,142,677 The property estimates provided in the Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Plan 2012 is based on the best data currently available and the methodologies applied result in an approximation of risk.10 The Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Plan 2012 data was utilized for this plan as the information and estimates are applicable for the City of Menifee. The tax assessor information used in the Riverside County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Plan 2012 at the county level reflects data for the City of Menifee for historical data. These estimates may be used to understand relative risk from various hazards and potential losses. There are, however, uncertainties inherited in any loss estimation methodology, arising in part from incomplete knowledge concerning the different hazards, as well as the use of approximations and simplifications that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis. TABLE 7-6 Critical Facilities and Infrastructures11 City of Menifee Critical Facilities Type Number Estimated Value Airports 0 N/A – not within city limits. Communications Centers 1 Not city owned Detention Centers 0 N/A – not within city limits. Emergency Command Centers 1 Not city owned Emergency Operations Centers 1 Not city owned Fire Department Stations 4 Not city owned Health Care Facilities 1 Not city owned Law Enforcement Facilities 0 N/A – not within city limits. Maintenance Yards 1 Not city owned 9 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 4.5 (145) 10 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 4.4.2 (128) 11 Map 2, Critical Facilities City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 20 Senior Center 1 Not city owned Elderly Care Facilities 2 Not city owned Libraries 3 Not city owned Schools 19 Not city owned Public Utilities-Water/Sewer 0 Not city owned Total 34 As a newly incorporated city, the City of Menifee does not currently own any critical facilities. However, as the city develops, the Hazard Mitigation Plan will be updated to reflect the additions in critical facilities that the city acquires and their potential estimated values. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 21 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 22 7.5 HAZARD PROFILES 7.5.1 WILDFIRE/URBAN FIRE City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 3 Probability = 3 Wildfire/Urban Fire Hazard Definition A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or a wilderness area. Other names such as brush fire, forest fire, grass fire and vegetation fire may be used to describe the same phenomenon depending on the type of vegetation being burned. A wildfire differs from other fires by its extensive size, the speed at which it can spread out from its original source, its potential to change direction unexpectedly, and its ability to jump gaps such as roads, rivers, and fire breaks. Wildfires are characterized in terms of the cause of ignition, their physical properties such as speed of propagation, the combustible material present, and the effect of weather on the fire. Overview/Location12 Based on geographical makeup and climatic conditions, the City of Menifee is located in one of the most active wildfire counties (Riverside County).13 Typically, from June until October, Menifee and unincorporated surrounding areas face a serious threat of wildfires. Dry seasons and flammable brush contribute to this serious threat, as well as high temperatures, low humidity, high winds, and below average rainfall. Many of the areas in the hills are subject to a moderate to high risk of wild fires. History Table 7-7 lists some of the more significant Wildfires in and near the City of Menifee, 2004-2013.14 (Continued on following page) 12 Map 3, High Fire Hazard Areas 13 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 5.3.2 (153-162) 14 http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_cur_search_results?search=riverside+county City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 23 TABLE 7-7 Wildfires in and/or near the City of Menifee, 2004-2013 M/Year Name Location/Description May/2004 Eagle Fire 5 miles southeast of Temecula, burning 8,900 acres/costs $4.9 million July/2004 Tulip Fire Sedco Hill area of Lake Elsinore, consuming 151 acres July/2004 Melton Fire Consumed 3,776 acres, near Hemet, property damage $163K May/2009 Vegetation 503 acres burned near Lake Perris State Recreation Area, evacuation of campground and closure of several roads May/2010 Scott Road East of I-215, near Scott Rd., needing 2 helicopter, 18 fire engines and 145 firefighter to put the 35 acre wildfire out before it damaged any homes July/2010 Cactus Blaze 647 acres burned east of Murrieta August/2011 Keller Fire Baxter Road & Menifee Road, in the Winchester area May/2012 Cedar Fire Lake Elsinore, 40 acres burned August/2012 Buck Fire Aguanga area burning 2,681 acres Sept/2012 Christmas Fire Christmas Tree Lane & Gilmer Rd. west of Perris July/2013 Mountain Fire Highway 243 and Highway 74, San Bernardino National Forest burning 27,531 acres August/2013 Falls Fire Near Ortega Highway, west of Lake Elsinore, Cleveland National Forest, burning 1, 383 acres Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is a 3, which means that there is a 10% to 100% chance that it will occur within the year. Due to the natural topography, terrain, volatile fuel types and climate conditions, wildfire in and near Menifee will continue to be an ongoing threat. The potential for large and damaging fires to Menifee is present throughout much of the year. During the months with the Santa Ana Winds, the potential for a large and damaging wildfire is increased significantly. The severity rating for this hazard is a 3, which means that there is a potential for limited damage, causing injuries and/or illnesses, complete shutdown of critical facilities for more than one week and/or 10% of property is severely damaged. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 24 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 25 7.5.2 EARTHQUAKE City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 4 Probability = 3 Earthquake Hazard Definition An earthquake is the shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane, and less frequently from volcanic activity. Earthquakes occur when forces underground cause the fault to rupture and suddenly slip. This occurs when the stress built up at the fault exceeds the strength of rock resisting the movement. Two of the most common methods to describe an earthquake are by intensity and magnitude. Magnitude and Intensity measure different characteristics of earthquakes. Magnitude measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake. Magnitude is determined from measurements on seismographs. Intensity measures the strength of shaking produced by the earthquake at a certain location. Intensity is determined from effects on people, structures, and natural environment. Intensity The intensity is a number (written as a Roman numeral) describing the severity of an earthquake in terms of its effects on the earth’s surface and on humans and their structures. Several scales exist, but the one most commonly used in the United Stated is the Modified Mercalli (MM) scale. There are several intensities for an earthquake, depending on where you are, unlike the magnitude, which is one number for each earthquake. Magnitude Magnitude is a measure of the size of the earthquake and energy released at the source of the earthquake, where the fault slip has occurred. Magnitude is determined from measurements on seismographs which record the ground motion from the earthquake. Magnitude scales, like the Richter (local) magnitude and moment magnitude, measure the size of the earthquake at its source. Thus, they do not depend on where the measurement of the earthquake is made. Earthquakes below magnitude M2.5 are generally not felt by people. Overview/Location15 The City of Menifee is located in between two of the most significant seismic faults in the southern California area – the Elsinore fault to the west, and the San Jacinto fault to the east. Table 7-5 shows some of the more notable earthquakes in the Southern California region, many of which were felt in or near Menifee. 15 Map 4, Fault Map City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 26 TABLE 7-8 HISTORY OF MAJOR SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKES16 Year Richter Scale Magnitude Description 1769 6.0 Occurred near the San Joaquin Hills, (unnamed) 1812 7.5 West of the San Andreas fault at San Juan Capistrano Mission 1858 6.0 Occurred in the San Bernardino area 1899 6.5 San Jacinto earthquake, extensive damage in San Jacinto and Hemet 1918 6.8 San Jacinto earthquake, extensive damage to the business districts of San Jacinto and Hemet 1923 6.3 North San Jacinto earthquake, minor damage primarily in the cities of San Bernardino and Redlands 1933 6.4 Long Beach earthquake, killing 115 people and caused $40-50 million in property damage leading to code changes that apply to all of California 1948 6.5 Desert Hot Springs earthquake, shaking felt over a large area (as far away as central Arizona), parts of Mexico and Santa Catalina Island 1954 6.4 San Jacinto earthquake, 30 miles south of Indio 1968 6.5 Borrego Mountain earthquake felt throughout Southern California, most notably in the Imperial Valley 1971 6.6 San Fernando (Sylmar) earthquake causing over $500 million in property damage and 65 deaths, most of which occurred when the Veteran’s Administration Hospital collapsed 1987 5.9 Whittier Narrow earthquake causing $358 million in property damages to communities east of Los Angeles 1992 6.1 Joshua Tree earthquake about 53 miles from Menifee 1992 7.3 Landers earthquake, largest earthquake to strike California in 40 years 1992 6.4 Big Bear earthquake occurring 3 hours after the Landers earthquake triggering landslides and blocking roads in the mountainous areas of Big Bear 1994 6.7 Northridge earthquake damaging 12,500 plus structures and to date the most expensive earthquake in United States history 1999 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake in the Mojave Desert, about 81 miles from Menifee in a remote area 2010 5.4 Baja California earthquake occurring south of the U.S. in Mexico 16 July 2010 Earth Consultants International Inc., Technical Background Report City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 27 Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 3, which means that there is a 10% to 100% chance that it will occur within the next year. The City of Menifee could be affected by large earthquakes occurring in many parts of the Southern California region. However, the degree to which the earthquakes are felt, the location of the epicenter as well as the time of day could have a profound effect on the number of deaths and casualties as well as critical facilities, buildings, bridges, highways, and roads; sewer, water and natural gas pipelines and private property located in the City. Further, an earthquake occurring in or near Menifee could result in disruption of normal government and community services and activities and could be aggravated by collateral damage such as fires, flooding, hazardous material spills, utility disruptions, landslides, transportation emergencies and possible dam failure. The severity rating for this hazard is 4, which means that there is a potential for catastrophic damage, causing multiple deaths, complete shutdown of critical facilities for days or more and/or more than half of property has potential to be damaged. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 28 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 29 7.5.3 FLOODING City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 3 Probability = 4 Flooding Hazard Definition Flooding is an overflow of excess water from a stream, river, lake or reservoir, a piped or channeled conveyance, or coastal body of water, onto adjacent floodplains. Flooding can also occur by the accumulation of water in a natural or man-made depression where there normally is none. Floodplains are lowlands, adjacent to water bodies that are subject to recurring floods. Floods are natural events that are hazards only when people or property is affected. Floods occur in all 50 states and U.S. Territories, with an estimated four-percent of the total area of the United States subject to a one-percent annual chance of flood (also known as the 100-year floodplain) [FEMA, 2001]. The amount of water in the floodplain is a function of the size and topography of the contributing watershed, the regional and local climate, and land use characteristics. Flooding in steep, mountainous areas is usually confined, strikes with less warning time, and has a short duration; while larger rivers in flatter valley and lowland areas typically have longer, more predictable flooding sequences and affect a broader floodplain. Overview/Location17 In the City of Menifee there are three flood prone areas18: 1. Along the Salt Creek Channel running through the center of the City from the east border to the west border. 2. The Quail Valley core area directly north of Canyon Lake. 3. The area of Ethanac Wash on both the east and west side of Freeway 215. Several portions of Menifee are subject to a 100-year flood, meaning that flood of that intensity might occur once in one hundred years (1% chance of occurring in any given year). Salt Creek The Salt Creek drainage occupies the southernmost part of the San Jacinto River Basin, reaching into the hills south of Hemet, and encompassing the southern part of Hemet, the communities of Green Acres and Winchester, and nearly all of the City of Menifee. Salt Creek bisects the Menifee area and has a large impact on zoning, development, and flood-hazard management. The lowlands around Salt Creek have experienced numerous floods over the past century, also due in part to the flatness of the valleys and the constricted entrance to the hills at the western edge of the City. The potential for Salt Creek to flood surrounding properties in the Menifee area has been reduced in recent years by the development of flood control measures that include channelization and land use 17 Map 5, Flood Hazards 18 July 2010 Earth Consultants International Inc., Technical Background Report City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 30 restriction, much of which have occurred concurrently with the progress of development. Nevertheless, because many of the road crossings are not designed to convey major storm flows, Salt Creek remains problematic. The Salt Creek channel discharges into the Railroad Canyon Reservoir, at the corporate boundary between the Cities of Menifee and Canyon Lake. Quail Valley The community of Quail Valley occupies a small drainage basin that is a tributary to Railroad Canyon. Flooding problems on the floor of Quail Valley are due in part to the original layout of the streets and homes in the 1950s, which consists of a grid pattern superimposed on the natural, irregular drainage network. This has led to localized problems due to blocked or diverted drainages, and is compounded by the lack of structures to control runoff. Ethanac Wash This watershed includes the southwestern flank of the rugged Lakewood Mountains, in addition to the communities of Romoland and Homeland. The drainage network begins in the Juniper Flats area within the highest part of the mountains, and includes numerous steep-sided channels that are generally dry except during storms or where springs are present. Upon reaching the alluvial fan surface, the drainage channels become increasingly less well defined, and the runoff eventually coalesces into sheet flow across the valley floor. Runoff that crosses the Romoland portion of Menifee eventually reaches the San Jacinto River, however the flow is impeded by the BN&SF railroad tracks and the 215 Freeway, causing ponding of water upstream of these structures. History January-February 2010, winter storms caused extensive flooding in Menifee. The Ethanac area upstream of the 215 freeway flooded, and the floodwaters were within one foot of topping the freeway. The Salt Creek crossings at Bradley Road, Murrieta Road, and Newport Road had to be closed several times due to flooding.19 On February 11, 2010 Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger requested a major disaster declaration due to severe winter storms, record breaking snow, flooding, and debris and mud flows during the period of January 17 to February 6, 2010. The Governor requested a declaration for Public Assistance including direct Federal assistance for eight counties, including Riverside County. On March 8, 2010, President Obama declared that a major disaster existed in the State of California.20 Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 4, which means that it is highly likely and there is a near 100% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 3. Flooding could cause cascading hazards such as landslides, dam failure, pipeline hazards, transportation incidents, power outages, hazardous materials incidents, civil unrest, diseases and insect infestations. 19 July 2010 Earth Consultants International Inc., Technical Background Report 20 http://www.fema.gov/pdf/news/pda/1884.pdf City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 31 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 32 7.5.4 LANDSLIDE City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 2 Probability = 2 Landslide Hazard Definition Landslides are movements of relatively large landmasses, either as nearly intact bedrock block, or as jumbled mixes of bedrock blocks, fragments, debris, and soils. Landslide materials are commonly porous and very weathered in the upper portions and along the margins of the slide. They may also have open fractures and joints. The head of the slide may have a graben (pull-apart area) that has been filled with soil, bedrock blocks and fragments. Landslides range from the size of an automobile to a mile or more in length and width, and due to their sheer weight and speed, can cause serious damage and loss of life. Their secondary effects can be far reaching; for example, catastrophic flooding can result from the sudden release of river water impounded by landslide debris or slope failure of an earthen dam. A landslide is a geologic hazard where the force of gravity combines with other factors to cause earth to material to move or slide down an incline. Some landslides move slowly and cause damage gradually, whereas others move so rapidly that they can destroy property and take lives suddenly and unexpectedly. Sudden “mudslides” gushing down rain-sodden slopes and gullies are widely recognized by geologists as a hazard to human life and property. Most “mudslides” are localized in small gullies, threatening only those buildings in their direct path. They can burst out of the soil on almost any rain-saturated hill when rainfall is heavy enough. Often they occur without warning in localities where they have never been seen before. Overview/Location21 A significant portion of the Menifee area encompasses hillside terrain. At present, the hills and mountains have rural to semi-rural type development, and scattered development is present along the base of steep slopes. Menifee is a community with a dynamic topography; hills and small mountains can be found throughout the City. The steepest slopes and largest cluster of hillsides can be found north of Menifee Lakes, traveling northward across McCall Boulevard. Quail Valley also has a significant number of steep hillsides. Menifee’s two tallest peaks-Quail Hill at 686 feet and Bell Mountain at 563 feet. History No landslides have been mapped within the Menifee area. 21 Map 6, Liquefaction and Landslides City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 33 Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 2, which means that there is between a 1% and 10% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 2. Landslides could cause cascading hazards such as hazardous materials incidents, transportation incidents, power outages and pipeline incidents. There could be injuries and/or deaths from landslides due to debris flow and/or flooding. Damage to structures and personal property could occur due to the debris flow and/or flooding. People could be asked to evacuate and/or detour. There could be plugging of culverts and related flooding and erosion of basin overflows. Transportation corridors could be impacted, causing traffic to be detoured. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 34 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 35 7.5.5 INSECT INFESTATION City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 1 Probability = 2 Insect Infestation Definition Insect infestation occurs when an undesirable type of insect inhabits an area in a manner that causes serious harm to: cash crops, livestock, or poultry; wild land trees, plants, or animals; or humans. Countless insects live on, in, and around plants, animals, and humans in all environments. Many are harmless, while others can case fatal damage. Under some conditions, insects that have been present and relatively harmless can become hazardous. For example, severe drought conditions can weaken trees and make them more susceptible to destruction from insect attacks. The major forms of insects are;  Chewing insects are defoliating insects. They generally strip plants of green matter such as leaves. Caterpillars and beetles make up the largest proportion of chewing insects. Under normal condition, trees can usually bounce back from an attack of these defoliators, though repeated infestation will weaken a tree and can eventually kill it by starving it of energy.  Boring, or tunneling insects cause damage by boring into the stem, roots, or twigs of a tree. Some lay eggs that then hatch and the larvae burrow more deeply into the wood, blocking off the water-conducting tissues of the tree. Boring insects generally feed on the vascular tissues of the tree. If the infestation is serious, the upper leaves are starved of nutrients and moisture, and the tree can die. Signs of borer infestation include entry/exit holes in the bark, small mounds of sawdust at the base, and sections of the crown wilting and dying.  Sucking insects do their damage by sucking out the liquid from leaves and twigs. Many sucking insects are relatively immobile, living on the outside of a plant and forming a hard protective outer coating while they feed on the plant’s juices. Quite often they will excrete a sweet, sticky substance known as honeydew which contains unprocessed plant material. Honeydew can cause sooty mold to form on leaves and can become a nuisance. Signs of infestation include scaly formations on branches, dieback of leaves, and honeydew production. In conjunction with the above outlined problems, insects can carry and spread disease to plants, animals, and people. Overview/Location There have been several quarantines in place for Riverside County.22 Menifee is not included in the quarantines but is located in Riverside County and in close proximity to several of the areas under quarantine for Red Imported Fire Ants, Glassy-winged Sharpshooter and Citrus Psyllid. 22 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 5.3.11 (258-259) City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 36 History Most recently in June of 2010, two horses were killed by Africanized honey bees in Menifee.23 The Africanized Honey Bee is an African Honey Bee, bred with one of four European Honey Bees. The hybrid is virtually indistinguishable from the common honey bee. The major difference between the Africanized Honey Bee and the European Honey Bees are more aggressive in defending its home and will swarm in the hundreds to thousands to sting anything that the hive views as a threat. These attacks tend to be deadly in nature due to the sheer number of bee stings that an animal or person will receive, causing anaphylactic shock. Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 2, which means that there is between a 1% and 10% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 1. Insect infestation could cause cascading hazards such as pandemic flu or disease. 23 http://www.nctimes.com/news/local/menifee/article_8b756184-96eb-5575-949d-aedef97981cf.html City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 37 7.5.6 EXTREME WEATHER City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 2 Probability = 3 Extreme Weather Hazard Definition Extreme weather can be characterized as something that is recordable and rare. The weather can be brought on during rare times like a tornado in the winter or a hail storm in the summer. When there is an instance of something unusual happening the weather is considered extreme. Overview/Location For purposes of profiling the extreme weather hazard for this plan, extreme weather will be identified as heat. Extreme heat could affect the entire City of Menifee. Heat – Extreme heat may occur in the summer. History In 1995, July 27-28 Menifee (known as Sun City at the time) experience a heat wave of 111.24 In 2007, September 1-3, Menifee and the surrounding area known as the Inland Empire experienced a heat wave of 110-115F. At least six deaths from heat related illnesses were reported. 25 Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 3, which means that there is a 10% to 100% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for the hazard is 2. Extreme weather can cause cascading hazards such as pipeline incidents, transportation incidents, power outages, hazardous material incidents and civil unrest. For heat, the population is susceptible to heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Menifee’s senior population comprises 18% of the total population. The elderly, children, people with functional needs and those that have pre-existing medical conditions are very susceptible to heat injuries during extreme heat. 24 http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/document/weatherhistory.pdf. 25 http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/sgx/document/weatherhistory.pdf. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 38 7.5.7 WINDSTORM City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 2 Probability = 3 Windstorm Hazard Definition A Windstorm is defined as a storm with high winds or violent gusts but little or no rain or precipitation. Santa Ana Winds, which are generally defined as warm, dry winds that blow from the east or northeast (offshore), have caused large amounts of damage and increased the fire damage level dramatically.26 Overview/Location Severe windstorms can pose a significant risk to property and life by creating conditions that disrupt essential system such as public utilities, telecommunications, and transportation routes. High winds can and do occasionally cause damage to local homes and businesses. In the Menifee area, most incidents of high wind are the result of Santa Ana wind conditions. Santa Ana winds typically are mostly a nuisance, bringing dust indoors, breaking tree branches, and causing minor damage. Strong Santa Ana winds can cause extensive damage to trees, utility poles, vehicles and structures, and can even be deadly. History In December 1997 a fish farm in Sun City (now Menifee) reported more than $1 million in structural damages.27 October 2007, strong Santa Ana winds caused widespread damage across the Inland empire, with gusts in excess of 70 mph snapping power poles, toppling trees, overturning big rigs and damaging roofs. Sustained winds over 50 mph were recorded at several locations for several hours. The wind caused an estimated $2.6 million in damage to the local college of Mt. San Jacinto.28 Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 3, which means that there is a 10% to 100% change that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 2. Severe wind could cause cascading hazards such as transportation and hazardous materials incidents, power outages, fires and pipeline incidents. 26 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 5.3.8 (239) 27 July 2010 Earth Consultants International Inc., Technical Background Report 28 July 2010 Earth Consultants International Inc., Technical Background Report City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 39 7.5.8 DROUGHT City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 2 Probability = 3 Drought Hazard Definition A drought is a long period of extremely dry weather when there is not enough rain for the successful growing of crops or the replenishment of water supplies. Drought is a gradual phenomenon. Normally, one dry year does not constitute a drought, but rather serves as a reminder of the need to plan for droughts. California’s extensive system of water supply infrastructure (reservoirs, groundwater basins, and interregional conveyance facilities) generally mitigates the effects of short term dry period for most water users. Drought can have secondary impacts. For example, drought is a major determinant of wildfire hazard, in that it creates greater propensity for fire starts and larger, more prolonged conflagrations fueled by excessively dry vegetation, along with reduced water supply for firefighting purposes. Drought is also an economic hazard. Significant economic impacts on the agriculture industry can occur as a result of short and long term drought conditions; these include hardships to farmers, farm workers, packers, and shippers of agricultural products. In some cases, droughts can also cause significant increases in food prices to the consumer due to shortages. Overview/Location The driest single year in California’s measured hydrologic history is 1977. In the 2005-2011 time frames, California was entering a drought, which was formally recognized by Governor’s Executive Order S.13.08 in 2008.29 Low rainfall had led to substantially reduced reservoir storage throughout the state, prompting state action encouraging a 20 percent statewide reduction in per capita water use through voluntary conservation. Although the 2009-2010 water years saw increased rainfall, reservoir storage was still well below normal statewide. Climate scientists studying California find that drought conditions are likely to become more frequent and persistent over the 21st century due to climate change. The experiences of California during recent years underscore the need to examine more closely the state’s water storage, distribution, management, conservation, and use policies. History The City of Menifee resides in Riverside County which has chronically experienced cycles of drought. The County of Riverside experienced a drought cycle that was four years in duration. The drought caused stress on the County’s ability to provide water to the community. In addition, the drought conditions caused extensive weakening of trees in forested areas causing them to become highly 29 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 5.3.5 (227) City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 40 vulnerable to disease and insect infestation. Many trees have weakened and died, creating a severe fire hazard. Furthermore, wild land brush areas were dry, presenting wildfire risk.30 Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 3, which means that there is a 10% to 100% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 2. Drought could cause cascading incidents such as fires, flooding, insect infestations and civil unrest. 30 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 5.3.5 (228) City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 41 7.5.9 DAM FAILURE/INUNDATION City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 4 Probability = 2 Dam Failure/Inundation Hazard Definition The term “dam failure” encompasses a wide variety of circumstances. Situations that would constitute a dam failure vary widely, from developing problems to a partial or catastrophic collapse of the entire dam. Potential causes of a dam failure are numerous and can be attributed to deficiencies in the original design of the dam, the quality of construction, the maintenance of the dam and operation of the appurtenances while the dam is in operation, and acts of nature including precipitation in excess of the design, flood, and damage from earthquakes. Water over-topping the dam crest is a common cause of failure in earth dams. Overtopping will cause erosion of the dam crest and eventual dam breach. Piping of earth dams is another common form of failure. Piping is a form of erosion that occurs underground caused by rodent burrowing and the presence of extensive root systems from vegetation growing on and around the dam. Flooding of the area below the dam may occur as the result of structural failure of the dam, overtopping, or a seiche. The primary danger associated with a dam failure is the swift, unpredictable flooding of those areas immediately downstream of the dam. There are three general types of dams: earth and rock fill, concrete arch or hydraulic fill, and concrete gravity. Each of these types of dams has different failure characteristics. The earth/rock fill dam will fail gradually due to erosion of the breach; a flood wave will build gradually to a peak and then decline until the reservoir is empty. A concrete arch or hydraulic fill dam will fail almost instantaneously; with a very rapid build-up to a peak and then a gradual decline. A concrete gravity dam will fail somewhere in between instantaneous and gradual, with corresponding build-up of flood wave. Overview/Location31 There are three dams approximately within 20 miles of the City of Menifee, located at Diamond Valley Lake. East32, West33 and Saddle Dams34 form Diamond Valley Lake, the largest reservoir in southern California. The reservoir’s main purpose is to store water supplies for periods of drought, peak summer usage, and emergencies, such as earthquakes. The three dams are similar in construction, consisting of earth-core rock fill embankments made with materials excavated from within the project area. The largest embankments-the East and West Dams block the east and west ends of Diamond and Domenigoni Valley respectively, and the Saddle Dam blocks a low point in the ridge on the northern side of the lake. 31 Map 7, Dams With the Potential to Inundate 32 Map 8, Diamond Valley Lake East Dam Failure Map 33 Map 9, Diamond Valley Lake West Dam Failure Map 34 Map 10, Diamond Valley Lake Saddle Dam Failure Map City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 42 History Historically, Riverside County has not experienced any significant dam failure incidents; although there are several major dams located in the County of both the earthen and steel reinforced concrete type.35 Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 2, which means that there is between a 1% and 10% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 4. Dam failure/inundation could cause cascading hazards such as flooding, pipeline hazards, transportation, power outages and hazardous material incidents. 35 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 5.4 (261) City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 43 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 44 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 45 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 46 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 47 7.5.10 PIPELINE City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 2 Probability = 2 Pipeline Hazard Definition Pipelines are transportation arteries carrying liquid and gaseous fuels. Pipelines are buried and above ground. Overview/Location Several gas transmission pipelines extend across and near the city.36 Rupture of any portion of these pipelines could adversely impact the area. Pipeline operators are responsible for the continuous maintenance and monitoring of their pipelines to evaluate and repair, when necessary, corroded sections of pipe that no longer meet pipeline-strength criteria. Pipeline failures during an earthquake are more often the result of permanent ground deformations, including fault rupture, liquefaction, landslides, and consolidation of loose granular soils. The City of Menifee is not intersected by any known active faults. However, the City is located near two major seismic sources, the San Jacinto fault to the northeast, and the Elsinore fault to the southwest, both of which could generate significant ground shaking in the area. History There are no known history records of events with this hazard. Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 2, which means that there is between a 1% and 10% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 2. Pipeline incidents could cause cascading hazards such as flooding, transportation and hazardous materials incidents, civil unrest and pandemic flu or disease. 36 July 2010 Earth Consultants International Inc., Technical Background Report City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 48 7.5.11 TRANSPORTATION HAZARD City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 2 Probability = 2 Transportation Hazard Definition Transportation hazards are incidents involving air, rail, or highway transport of goods or passenger travel resulting in property damage, death, or serious injury. The incidents can be caused by transportation of hazardous materials, earthquake, hazardous weather, or other hazardous conditions affecting the uninterrupted flow of transportation and/or public safety. Overview/Location State Highways Interstate 215 (I-215) traverses Menifee in a north-south direction. This freeway is used to transport hazardous materials, posing a potential for spills. Interchanges are at SR-74, Ethanac Road, McCall Boulevard, Newport Road, and Scott Road. State Route 74 travels east-west through the community of Romoland before it merges with I-215 for three miles (northward) before splitting in Perris. Vehicles carrying hazardous materials are required to have placards that indicate at a glance the chemicals being carried, and whether or not they are corrosive, flammable, or explosive. The California Highway Patrol is in charge of spills that occur in or along freeways, with Caltrans, and local sheriff and fire departments responsible for providing additional enforcement and routing assistance. Railways Although railroad tracks extend across a portion of the City, currently there is no railroad traffic on these tracks. Therefore, train derailments, with the potential for hazardous materials releases appear to not pose a current concern. If the railroad tracks are rehabilitated in the future and used for freight traffic, including the transport of hazardous materials, this section would need to be revised. Airports The Ontario International Airport, about 44 miles to the northwest, connects with all major airports and has direct service to many North American cities. In addition, there are several major air freight carriers at Ontario. Four smaller airports also operate in Menifee’s vicinity. Perris Valley Airport has one runway, and is used for general aviation and extensive skydiving. A nearby county-owned Hemet-Ryan Airport also has general aviation facilities. French Valley Airport is a county-owned public-use airport on Highway 70 in Murrieta. March Air Force Military Airfield is north of Menifee. The flight operations present a potential risk for air crashes. The risk is greatest for aircraft approaching the airfield directly over the City and finally Skylark Field Airport in Lake Elsinore is a private airport used for general aviation and skydiving. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 49 History There are no known records of vehicle, railway or air transportation incident events with this hazard. There are four registered transporters of hazardous materials in the Menifee area. Kargo Transportation, Sollars Trucking, Condos Trucking, Visions West.37 Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 2, which means that there is between a 1% and 10% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 2. Transportation incidents could cause cascading effects such as power outages, pipeline ruptures or hazardous materials incidents, death and/or illness due to exposure and structure damages. 37 July 2010 Earth Consultants International Inc., Technical Background Report City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 50 7.5.12 POWER OUTAGE City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 3 Probability = 4 Power Outage Hazard Definition Power outage refers to a regional or municipal area being without electrical power for a period of time exceeding 15 minutes. Power outages may have one or more of the following causes: severe weather, mechanical failure, operator error or intentional act. Overview/Location As Menifee continues to experience both population growth and weather cycles that contribute to a heavy demand for power, climate change may also increase Menifee’s vulnerability to energy shortage hazards. Predicted increases in heat waves as well as increasingly severe winter rain storms will put ever great strain on the areas system. A power failure can range in magnitude and impact from a relatively modest power outage to a catastrophic regional blackout. Power outages may affect a specific area of the City of Menifee or the entire City. History Most recently on April 24, 2013 the City of Menifee experienced a power outage due to the result of vandalism and copper wire theft.38 SoCal Edison had shut down power for two hours to replace copper wiring that was stolen from a substation. If not repaired shortly after the discovery the impact could have been transformers blowing up on the poles, all the way to homeowner equipment being damaged. On September 3, 2012 a privately owned senior community within the City boundary experienced a power outage for 36 hours.39 The community had an issue with its electrical panel. The temperature rose to 100 and residents, many of whom were elderly, were left with no air conditioning and medical device batteries were draining. Menifee Sun City Concern, a nonprofit organization dedicated to serving the need of elderly Menifee residents was opened as a cool center. Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is a 4, which means that it is highly likely and there is a near 100% chance that it will occur within the next year. 38 http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Menifee-Residents-Furious-Over-Copper-Theft-Power-Outage- 204778781.html 39 http://www.pe.com/local-news/riverside-county/menifee/menifee-headlines/20120904-menifee-residents- upset-about-36-hour-power-outage.ece City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 51 The severity rating for this hazard is a 3. Power outages could cause cascading hazards such as transportation incidents, civil unrest and disease. 7.5.13 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (HAZMAT) City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 3 Probability = 3 Hazardous Materials Hazard Definition Hazardous material (HAZMAT) may include hundreds of substances that pose a significant risk to humans. These substances may be highly toxic, reactive, corrosive, flammable, radioactive or infectious. They are present in nearly every community in the U.S., where they may be manufactured, used, stored, transported, or disposed. Because of their nearly ubiquitous presence, there are hundreds of HAZMAT release events annually in the U.S. that contaminate air, soil, and groundwater resources, potentially triggering millions of dollars in clean-up costs, human and wildlife injuries, and occasionally cause human deaths (FEMA, 1977). Hazardous material releases may occur from any of the following;  Fixed site facilities (e.g., refineries, chemical plants, storage facilities, manufacturing, warehouses, wastewater treatment plants, swimming pools, dry cleaners, automotive sales/repair, gas stations, etc.)  Highway and rail transportation (e.g., tanker trucks, chemical trucks, railroad tankers)  Air transportation (e.g., cargo packages)  Pipeline transportation (liquid petroleum, natural gas, other chemicals) In response to concerns over the environmental and safety hazards posed by the storage and handling of toxic chemicals in the U.S., Congress passed the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA) in 1986. These concerns were triggered by the 1984 disaster in Bhopal, India, in which more than 2,000 people died or were seriously injured from the accidental release of methyl isocyanate from an American owned Union Carbide plant. To reduce the likelihood of such a disaster in the U.S., EPCRA established specific requirements on federal, state and local governments, Indian tribes, and industry to plan for hazardous materials emergencies. EPCRA’s Community Right-to-Know provisions help increase the public’s knowledge and access to information on chemicals at individual facilities, their uses, and releases into the environment. States and communities working with facilities can use the information to improve chemical safety and protect public health and the environment (EPA, May 2003). Under EPCRA, hazardous materials must be reported to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), even if they do not result in human exposure. Such releases may include the following;  Air emissions (e.g., pressure relief valves, smokestacks, broken pipes, water or ground emissions with vapors) City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 52  Discharges into bodies of water (e.g., outflows to sewers, spills on land, water runoff, contaminated groundwater)  Discharges onto land  Solid waste disposals in onsite landfills  Transfer of wastewater to public sewage plants  Transfers of waste to offsite facilities for treatment or storage In addition to accidental human-caused hazardous material events, natural hazards may cause the release of hazardous material and complicate response activities. The impact of earthquakes on fixed facilities may be particularly bad due to the impairment of the physical integrity of even failure of containment facilities. The threat of any hazardous material event may be magnified due to restricted access, reduced fire suppression and spill containment, and even complete cut-off of response personnel and equipment. The risk of terrorism involving hazardous materials is considered a major threat due to the location of hazardous material facilities and transport routes throughout communities and the frequently limited anti-terrorism security at these facilities. Due to the high level of risk posed by hazardous materials, numerous federal, state and local agencies are involved in their regulation, including the EPA, U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), FEMA, U.S. Army, and the International Maritime Organization. Unless exempted, facilities that use, manufacture, or store hazardous materials in the U.S. fall under the regulatory requirements of EPCRA, enacted as Title III of the federal Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) 42 U.S.C. §§11001-11050 (1988)). EPCRA has four major provisions:  Emergency Planning (Section 301-303) is designed to help communities prepare for and respond to emergencies involving hazardous substances. It requires every community in the United States to be part of a comprehensive emergency response plan.  The Governor of California has designated a State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) responsible for implementing EPCRA provisions within California. The SERC oversees Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) districts. Emergency Release Notification (Section 304) includes a list of chemicals that if spilled must be reported, including Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS). The SERC supervises and coordinates activities of each LEPC, establishes and reviews LEPC developed local emergency response plans. Facilities with an EHS at quantities exceeding the Threshold Planning Quantities (TPQ) must notify the SERC and LEPC and provide a representative to participate in the county emergency planning process.  Hazardous chemical storage reporting requirements (Section 313). Of the hundreds of hazardous materials, under the EPCRA regulatory scheme, those hazardous materials that pose the greatest risk for causing catastrophic emergencies are identified as an EHS. As noted above, the presence of EHSs in quantities at or above TPQ require additional emergency planning and mitigation activities. These chemicals are identified by the US EPA in the List of List – Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA) and Section 112 of the Clean Air Act (EPA, October 2001). City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 53 Releases of EHSs can occur during transport and from fixed facilities. Transportation related releases are generally more troublesome because they may occur anywhere, including close to human populations, critical facilities, or sensitive environmental areas. Transportation related EHS releases are also more difficult to mitigate due to the variability of locations and distance from response resources. It should be noted that while comprehensive and readily accessible information is available on hazardous material release and facilities subject to EPCRA, there are numerous other sources of information on hazardous material facilities and incidents that are beyond the scope of this plan. A more in-depth analysis of potential hazardous material events would include the following:  Risk Management Plan (RMP) facilities  Tier II Hazardous Chemical Inventory Form facilities  Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) facilities  Pipelines and related facilities  Railroad transportation facilities  Explosive storage, sales, use and manufacturing facilities  Hazardous Materials Management Plan (HMMP) permit and Hazardous Material Inventory Statement (HMIS) facilities  Hazardous waste facilities (RCRA information and RMS databases)  National Response Center Emergency Response Notification System (ERNS)  U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Hazardous Materials Information Reporting System (HMIRS)  California Hazardous Material Incident Reporting System (CHMIRS)  California Department of Transportation (Caltrans)  Trucking terminal facilities  U.S. Office of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Injury, Illness, and Fatality Database  911 regional dispatch center  EPA Envirofacts and Window to My Environment  EPA Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) Overview/Location40 There is one Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) facility in Sun City (Menifee) listed in the most recent TRI Database (2011), updated March 2013.41 Many different types of businesses can be producer of hazardous waste. Small businesses like dry cleaners, auto repair shops, medical facilities or hospitals, photo processing center, and metal plating shops are usually generators of small quantities of hazardous waste. As of August 2013, the 40 Map 11, Hazardous Material Sites 41http://iaspub.epa.gov/triexplorer/release_fac_profile?TRI=9258WSNCTY275WA&year=2011&trilib=TRIQ1&FL D=&FLD=RELLBY&FLD=TSFDSP&OFFDISPD=&OTHDISPD=&ONDISPD=&OTHOFFD= City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 54 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report shows there were five locations in the Menifee area reported as small-quantity generators.42 Larger businesses are sometimes generators of large quantities of hazardous waste. These include some gas stations, chemical manufacturers, large electroplating facilities, petroleum refineries, and military installation. As of August 2013, the EPA identified three large-quantity generators in the Menifee area as of March 2010.43 There are also four registered transporters of hazardous waste in the Menifee area as mentioned in section 7.5.11. Hazardous waste is transported through the area by these companies and most likely by other transporters registered or based elsewhere. According to the National Hazardous Material Route Registry maintained by the Federal Motor Safety Administration, a division of the U.S. Department of Transportation, the only major route in the Menifee area prescribed or permitted to carry hazardous materials is the Interstate 215, from Interstate 15 to Interstate 10. All types of hazardous materials are permitted on this road, and it is recommended for the transport of Class 1 Explosives. The interstate was designated a Hazardous Material Route on 1/1/1995.44 The primary concern associated with a hazardous materials release is the short- and/or long-term effect to the public from exposure to the hazardous materials released. History Utilizing California’s Historical Hazmat Spill Notification web page45 only minor incidents have occurred. Conclusion The probability for this hazard is 3, which means that there is a 10% to 100% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 3. A Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) incident could cause cascading events such as injuries and/or deaths. People may be evacuated or asked to shelter in place during a hazardous materials incident. There may be economic impacts as well due to cleanup and removal of hazardous materials. Essential facilities may be closed for decontamination, thus causing an interruption of services. 42http://iaspub.epa.gov/enviro/efsystemquery.rcrainfo?fac_search=primary_name&fac_value=&fac_search_type =Beginning+With&postal_code=&location_address=&add_search_type=Beginning+With&city_name=Menifee&c ounty_name=Riverside&state_code=CA&naics_type=Equal+to&naics_to=&univA=FULL_ENFORCEMENT&uni v_search=2&univB=SQG&LIBS=&proc_group=0&procname=&program_search=2&report=1&page_no=1&outpu t_sql_switch=TRUE&database_type=RCRAINFO 43 http://iaspub.epa.gov/enviro/efsystemquery.rcrainfo?fac_search=primary_name&fac_value=&fac_search_type= Beginning+With&postal_code=&location_address=&add_search_type=Beginning+With&city_name=Menifee&co unty_name=Riverside&state_code=CA&naics_type=Equal+to&naics_to=&univA=FULL_ENFORCEMENT&univ _search=2&univB=LQG&LIBS=&proc_group=0&procname=&program_search=2&report=1&page_no=1&output _sql_switch=TRUE&database_type=RCRAINFO 44 July 2010 Earth Consultants International Inc., Technical Background Report 45 http://www.calema.ca.gov/HazardousMaterials/Pages/Historical-HazMat-Spill-Notifications.aspx City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 55 City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 56 7.5.14 NUCLEAR City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 4 Probability = 2 Nuclear Hazard Definition A nuclear and/or radiation hazard could lead to significant consequences to people, the environment or the facility. Examples include lethal effect to individuals, large radioactivity release to the environment, or reactor core melt. The prime example of a “major nuclear accident” is one in which a reactor core is damaged and significant amount of radioactivity are released, such as in the Chernobyl Disaster in 1986. Overview/Location San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station is located in the northwestern corner of San Diego County. The City of Menifee is located approximately 65 miles from the station. Although San Onofre announced June 12, 2013 that is has permanently ceased power operation of Unit 2 and 3,46 there may be some possible threats that could still exist with the decommissioning of Unit 1. History There are no nuclear incidents documented for the City of Menifee or surrounding areas. Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 2, which means that there is between a 1% to 10% chances that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 4, which means that there is a potential for catastrophic damage, causing multiple deaths and a complete shutdown of critical facilities. People, animals and livestock would be impacted if they were to eat or drink contaminated food, grains, water, fish and dairy products. Radioactive material could severely impact water supply. 46 http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML9931/ML993190270.pdf City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 57 7.5.15 TERRORISM (MANMADE) City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 4 Probability = 2 Terrorism Hazard Definition Unlike accidents or natural disaster, an act of terrorism is a manmade use of force or violence designed to extort governments or communities for the purpose of bringing about political, social, and/or economic change. Terrorist act and/or acts or war may cause casualties, extensive property damage, fires, flooding, and other ensuing hazards. Terrorism takes many forms, including;  Chemical  Biological  Radiological  Nuclear  Explosive  Cyber-terrorism Overview/Location Terrorist attacks could occur anywhere within the City of Menifee and has the potential to impact a portion or the entire City. There is now a heightened sense of awareness since September 2001. History There is no history of incidents of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive terrorism. Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 2, which means that there is between a 1% and 10% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 4, which means that there is a potential for catastrophic damage, causing multiple deaths, complete shutdown of critical facilities for 30 days or more and more than 50% of property has a potential to be damaged. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 58 7.5.16 CIVIL UNREST City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 2 Probability = 2 Civil Unrest Hazard Definition Civil unrest typically begins as nonviolent gatherings and progresses to violence. It is an incident intended to disrupt community affairs and threaten the public safety. Civil Unrest includes riots, mob violence, and any unlawful demonstration resulting in police intervention and arrests. Civil Unrest is generally associated with controversial political, judicial, and/or economic issues and events. Overview/Location Civil unrest incidents could happen in any location, but they typically occur near government buildings. Civil Unrest begins as nonviolent gatherings and progress to violence. These types of incidents have a potential to escalate into destruction of property, purposely setting fires, and injury to others. Out of control crowds have been known to throw bottles, rocks and other projectiles. History The City of Menifee does not have a history of violent civil unrest of noticeable magnitude. Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 2, which means that there is between a 1% and 10% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 2. Civil Unrest could cause cascading events such as fires, building destruction, bodily injuries and/or death. The impact could involve loss of electricity, water, and communications. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 59 7.5.17 PANDEMIC FLU/DISEASE City of Menifee Rating: Severity = 3 Probability = 2 Pandemic Flu/Disease Hazard Definition An influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads on a worldwide scale and infects a large proportion of the human population. In contrast to the regular seasonal epidemics of influenza, these pandemics occur irregularly. Pandemics can cause high levels of mortality such as the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic estimated as being responsible for the deaths of approximately 50 million people or more. Influenza pandemics occur when a new strain of the influenza virus is transmitted to humans from another animal species. Species that are thought to be important in the emergence of human strains are pigs, chickens, and ducks. These novel strains are unaffected by any immunity people may have to older strains of human influenza and can therefore spread extremely rapidly and infect very large numbers of people. Overview/Location The 2009 H1N1 flu, first identified in Imperial and San Diego counties, killed more than 550 Californians, sent thousands more to hospitals, caused widespread fear and anxiety and the declaration of a public health emergency.47 H1N1 in 2009 tested the State’s medical infrastructure as never before. H1N1 quickly spread nationwide and then around the globe, taking a heavy toll on people not usually susceptible to serious influenza. History48 The year 2009 saw the rise of H1N1, popularly referred to as the Swine Flu. According to the California Center for Infectious Diseases, the H1N1 flu (2009 H1N1 influenza virus) is a type of influenza virus that causes respiratory disease that can spread between people. While most people who have been sick recovered without needing medical treatment, hospitalizations and deaths from infection with this virus have occurred. Spread of H1N1 flu occurs in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with influenza. As a result of preparation and mitigation strategies such as vaccinations and public education, the threat of a full-blown H1N1 pandemic in the U.S. is receding. The possibility for a pandemic, though, still exists. 47 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 5.6.4 (312) 48 Riverside County MJHMP, June 2012, Section 5.6.4 (312) City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 60 Conclusion The probability rating for this hazard is 2, which means that there is between a 1% and 10% chance that it will occur within the next year. The severity rating for this hazard is 3. The extent of pandemic flu and/or disease could affect the entire population resulting in illnesses, and/or death, permanent disability and quarantine. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 61 8.0 FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAPS (FIRM) NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM (NFIP) CID# 060176 Portions of the City of Menifee have been analyzed through the Flood Insurance Study for Riverside County. The most recent Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) that include the Menifee area date from 2008, with sections of these maps modified since then via Letter of Map Revision (LOMR). The inundation limits for the 100-year and 500-year floods are shown on these FIRMs; however it is important to note that not all of the area was evaluated and that the flood zones are incomplete. Thus, there are areas outside of the mapped flood zones that are likely to be subject to flood hazards. Riverside County has mapped other flood hazard zones in the area not shown on the FIRMs, including Paloma Wash (south of Holland Road and east of I-215) and Warm Springs Creek. Warm Springs Creek, which eventually flows into the Santa Margarita River, begins in the Harvest Valley/Winchester area and traverses the southeast corner of the City. The Salt Creek 100-year flood scenario is estimated to displace 645 households, with more than 1,500 people requiring shelter in public facilities. The San Jacinto River 100-year flood scenario has the potential to displace 970 households, with nearly 2,300 people requiring shelter.49 Prior to incorporation, the Menifee area participated in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) as part of Riverside County, who has been a NFIP partner since 1980. Because the County of Riverside is a participating member of the NFIP, flood insurance is available to any property owner in the unincorporated area of the Menifee General Plan. Property owners are required to purchase flood insurance as a condition of securing financing to buy, build, or improve structures in a Special Hazard Flood Zone. The City of Menifee is a member of the NFIP50, and as a result, Menifee residents will be able to renew their policies. Since Menifee’s participation in the NFIP (8/28/08), no repetitive loss properties have been reported. 49 Safety Background, General Plan Draft 2013 50 http://www.fema.gov/cis/CA.html City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 62 9.0 MITIGATION STRATEGY This section describes the City’s strategy to utilize our resources to achieve our goals of reducing losses from future hazard events. This strategy identifies who is responsible for which actions, what funding mechanisms (e.g., grant funds, capital budget, or in-kind donations) and resources that is available or will be pursued, and when the actions are to be completed. 9.1 DMA 2000 Requirements The DMA 2000 requirement for planning a hazard mitigation strategy is shown in Table 9-1. TABLE 9-1 DMA 2000 REQUIRMENTS- Mitigation Strategy REQUIREMENT §201.6(c)(3) The plan shall include a mitigation strategy that provides the jurisdiction’s blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment, based on existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools. EXPLANATION The community’s hazard reduction goals, as reflected in the plan, along with their corresponding objectives, guide the development and implementation of mitigation measures. This section should describe what these goals are and how they were developed. The goals could be developed early in the planning process and refined based on the risk assessment findings, or developed entirely after the risk assessment is completed. They should also be compatible with the goals of the community as expressed in other community plan documents (such as the General Plan). Although the Interim Federal Regulations language does not require a description of objectives, communities are highly encouraged to include a description of the objectives developed to achieve the goals so that reviewers understand the connection between goals, objectives, and activities. The goals and objectives should:  Be based on the findings of the local and State risk assessments; and  Represent a long-term vision for hazard reduction or enhancement of mitigation capabilities. 9.2 Capability Assessment Although not required by DMA 2000, a highly recommended component of the Mitigation Strategy is a local capability assessment. A capability assessment has two components; an inventory of an agency’s mission, programs, and policies; and an analysis of its capacity to carry them out. The capability assessment is a review of the City’s resources in order to identify, review, and analyze what the City is currently doing to reduce losses and identify the framework that is in place or should be in place for the implementation of new mitigation actions. The assessment involves four parts; (1) a review of the City’s legal and regulatory capability, including ordinances, codes, and plans to address hazard mitigation activities; (2) A review of the administrative and technical ability of Menifee’s staff and personnel resources; (3) A review of the fiscal capability of Menifee to provide the financial resources to implement the mitigation strategy; and (4) a summary review of the activities of each administrative division within the City that supports hazard mitigation activities, and details any previous mitigation activities City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 63 undertaken by these entities. The legal and regulatory hazard mitigation capability of the City of Menifee is shown in table 9-1. The table includes a review of existing ordinances, codes and plan that affect the built environment in Menifee. TABLE 9-2 Legal and Regulatory Mitigation Capabilities Regulatory Tool Existing Capability (Yes/No) Comments General Plan Yes September 2013 Will be used to update the Safety Element. Zoning Ordinance Yes Title 9, Planning and Zoning Seismic and Zoning mitigation actions. Subdivision Ordinance Yes Riverside County Ordinance 460, Adopted Site Plan review requirements Yes Engineering and Planning Floodplain Ordinance Yes Title 4 Ch. 4.2 adopted. Other special purpose ordinance (storm water, water conservation, wildfire) Yes Title 15: Water and Sewers Building codes Yes Adopted California Building Code (CBC) 2013 on December 4, 2013. Became effective January 14, 2013. Fire department ISO rating Yes The overall Riverside County Fire Department ISO rating is “Class 4”, urban. The exception to the “Class 4” rating would be the outlying areas that are further than five (5) “linear” miles from a fire station and/or have no domestic (hydrants) water infrastructure for fire protection, these areas are still rated as a “Class 9”, rural. Storm water management program Yes Title 15, Water and Sewer Ordinance Capital improvements plan Yes 5 – Year Plan; updated annually. Will address hazards identified in the LHMP (i.e. flood, traffic) Local emergency operations plan Yes Emergency Operations Plan, July 2012. The hazards identified in this plan will be utilized to update the Emergency Operations Plan. Flood Insurance Study or other engineering study for streams Yes Title 4 Ch. 4.2 adopted. Current on-going study with FEMA in conjunction with City will be utilized to update. The City of Menifee has several planning mechanisms which incorporate the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan: The City’s General Plan incorporates the LHMP through the Safety Element. Adopted 2013 California Building Code on December 4, 2013. Emergency Operations Plan, July 2012. Capital Improvement Plan through the mitigation of flood and traffic hazards. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 64 TABLE 9-3 Administrative/Technical Mitigation Capabilities Personnel Resources Yes/No Department/Position Planner(s) or engineer(s) with knowledge of land development/land management practices Yes Planning Department and Engineering Department/Planners/Engineers Engineer(s) or professional(s) trained in construction practices related to buildings and/or infrastructure Yes Engineering Department and Building and Safety Department/Engineers/Planners Planner(s) or Engineer(s) with an understanding of natural and/or human caused hazards Yes Planning Department and Engineering Department/Planners/Engineers Personnel skilled in GIS Yes Finance Department/Administrative Analyst Full time building official Yes Building and Safety Department/Building Inspector Floodplain Manager Yes City Engineer Emergency Manager Yes Public Works Department Grant Writer Yes Finance Department/Administrative Analyst GIS Data-Land Use Yes Planning, Public Works, Finance Administrative Analyst GIS Data-Links to Assessor’s data Yes Planning, Public Works, Finance Administrative Analyst Warning systems/services (Reverse 9-1-1, outdoor warning signals) TABLE 9-4 Fiscal Capability Financial Resources Accessible or Eligible to Uses (Yes/No) General Fund Yes Enterprise Fund No Development Fees No Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) Yes Capital improvements project funding Yes Authority to levy taxes for specific purposes Voter Approval Fees for water, sewer, gas, or electric services No Impact fees for homebuyers or developer for new developments/homes Yes HOME Grant Fund No Federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) Yes City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 65 9.3 MITIGATION GOALS 51 The following summary of goals and strategies serve to mitigate the hazards that may affect the City of Menifee. The mitigation goals listed below are incorporated in the safety element of the City’s General Plan and identified by the section, Safety (S). 9.3.1 Hazard: Earthquake Topographically, the Menifee area encompasses numerous rugged and moderately steep hills and mountains surrounded by a series of broad, nearly flat-bottomed valleys. Goal S 1: A community that is minimally impacted by seismic shaking and earthquake-induced or other geologic hazards. Policies S-1.1 Require all new building and structures to be designed and built to be seismically resistant in accordance with the most recent California Building Code adopted by the City. S-1.2 Encourage owners of old or potentially hazardous buildings, including pre-1952 wood- frame structures, concrete tilt-ups, pre-1971 reinforced masonry, soft-story, and multi- family residential buildings, to assess the seismic vulnerability of their structures and conduct seismic retrofitting as necessary to improve the building’s resistance to seismic shaking. S-1.3 Encourage the City’s utility service providers to identify sections of their distribution networks that are old and/or located in areas susceptible to earthquake-induced ground deformation, and to repair, replace, or strengthen the sections as necessary. 9.3.2 Hazard: Landslide Goal S 2: A community that has used engineering solutions to reduce or eliminate the potential for injury, loss of life, property damage, and economic and social disruption caused by geologic hazards such as slope instability, compressible, collapsible, expansive or corrosive soils, and subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal. Policies S-2.1 Require all new developments to mitigate the geologic hazards that have the potential to impact habitable structures and other improvements. S-2.2 Monitor the losses caused by geologic hazard to existing development, and require studies to specifically address these issues, including the implementation of measures designed to mitigate these hazards, in all future developments in these areas. 51 City of Menifee General Plan 2013, Appendix C, Safety Element City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 66 S-2.3 Minimize grading and modifications to the natural topography to prevent the potential for man-induced slope failures. 9.3.3 Hazard: Flooding Most flooding in Menifee is the result of flows along the San Jacinto River, Salt Creek, and several smaller drainages along the City’s boundaries (including Ethanac Wash, the creek through Quail Valley, Paloma Wash, and Warm Springs Creek). The City of Menifee is aware of these flood-prone areas, and has planned to improve or replace some of the existing flood structures to reduce the flood hazards. Goal S 3: A community that if minimally disrupted by flooding and inundation hazards. Policies S-3.1 Require that all new developments and redevelopments in areas susceptible to flooding (such as the 100-year floodplain and areas known to the City to flood during intense or prolonged rainfall events) incorporate mitigation measures designed to mitigate flood hazards. S-3.2 Reduce flood hazards in developed areas known to flood. S-3.3 Use technology to identify flood-prone areas and to notify residents and motorist of impending flood hazards and evacuation procedures. S-3.4 Develop floodplains as parks, nature trails, equestrian parks, golf courses, or other types of recreational facilities or joint-use facilities that can withstand periodic inundation wherever feasible. S-3.5 Encourage neighboring jurisdictions to require development occurring adjacent to the City to consider the impact of flooding and flood control measures on properties within Menifee. 9.3.4 Hazard: Wildfire/Urban Fire Riverside County Fire Department data indicate that between about 30 and 40 wildland fires, typically less than 10 acres in size occur in the Menifee area every year; with careful planning, the number of fires can be reduced and their impact to the City of Menifee can be minimized. Goal S 4: A community that has effective fire mitigation and response measure in place, and as a result is minimally impacted by wildland and structure fires. Policies S-4.1 Require fire-resistant building construction materials, the use of vegetation control methods, and other construction and fire prevention features to reduce the hazard of wildland fire. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 67 S-4.2 Ensure, to the maximum extent possible, that fire services, such as firefighting equipment and personnel, infrastructure, and response times, are adequate for all sections of the City. S-4-3 Encourage owners of non-sprinklered high-occupancy structures to retrofit their building to include internal sprinklers. S-4.4 Review development proposals for impacts to fire facilities and compatibility with fire areas or mitigate. 9.3.5 Hazard: Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) Compared to other cities in southern California, Menifee has a relatively low number of sites that generated, use or store hazardous materials, it is still critical to plan for hazardous material in order to ensure public safety. Goal S 5: A community that has reduced the potential for hazardous materials contamination in Menifee. Policies S 5.1 Locate facilities involved in the production, use, storage, transport or disposal of hazardous materials away from land uses that may be adversely impacted by such activities and areas susceptible to impacts or damage from a natural disaster. S 5.2 Ensure that the Fire Department can continue to respond safely and effectively to a hazardous materials incident in the City, whether it is a spill at a permitted facility, or the result of an accident along a section of the freeway or railroads that extend across the City. S 5.3 Continue to support the operation of programs and recycling centers that accept hazardous substances, such as paint, paint thinner, used waste oil, etc. S 5.4 Ensure that all facilities that handle hazardous materials comply with federal and state laws pertaining to the management of hazardous wastes and materials. S 5.5 Require facilities that handle hazardous materials to implement mitigation measures that reduce the risks associated with hazardous material production, storage, and disposal. 9.3.6 Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery A disaster is a sudden and dramatic emergency. When a disaster occurs, the threatened community strives to; 1) protect its residents to the extent possible; 2) care for victims; and 3) restore basic services as soon as possible. To do this, a community needs to respond quickly and dynamically, and as effectively as possible. This requires preparation at all levels, from the Federal government (for large- scale disasters) down to individual neighborhoods, families and businesses. Planning issues pertaining to emergency response, disaster preparedness, and disaster recovery require an assessment of the hazards, identification of functions and resources to handle both short-term and long-term response, and development of recovery procedures. Planning can help speed the response to an emergency, City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 68 while ensuring that the response is appropriate to the situation. Some level of preparedness, however basic, can be very useful to facilitate the safety and recovery of people who live and work in the City of Menifee. Goal S 6: A City that responds and recovers in an effective and timely manner from natural disasters such as flooding, fire, and earthquakes, and as a result is not impacted by civil unrest that may occur following a natural disaster. Policies S-6.1 Continuously review, update and implement emergency preparedness, response and recovery plans that make the best use of the City and County-specific emergency management resources available. S-6.2 Ensure to the fullest possible extent that, in the event of a major disaster, critical, dependent care and high-occupancy facilities remain functional. S-6.3 Work with the Riverside County Airport Land use Commission to strengthen the City’s disaster preparedness, response and recovery program in accordance with the Airport Land Use Plans for March Air Reserve Base and Perris Valley Airport. S-6.4 Locate new essential or critical facilities away from areas susceptible to impacts or damage from a natural disaster. S-6.5 Promote strengthening of planned and existing critical facilities and lifelines, the retrofit and rehabilitation of existing weak structures, and the relocations of certain critical facilities as necessary to adequately meet the needs of Menifee’s residents and workforce. 10.0 MITIGATION PROJECTS The following table identifies a portion of mitigation projects that are ongoing, in progress and/or within a specific time frame as well as the resources and funding needed. The action and policies notation reflects how these items are referenced by location in the safety element of the General Plan. The projects are assigned a priority ranking based on severity and probability of the topic, cost/benefit, availability of funding, and the timing to implement. City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 69 TABLE 10-1 Mitigation Projects Priority Ranking Action Policies Topic Implementation Action Responsible Parties Timing Resources & Funding required to Complete 3 Action S6 SE 1.2 Seismic Develop and make available to all residents and businesses literature on hazard prevention and disaster response, including information on how to earthquake-proof residences and places of business, and information on what to do before, during and after an earthquake. Reminders will be issued periodically to encourage the review and renewal of earthquake-preparedness kits and other emergency preparedness materials and procedures. Public Works/Administrative Analyst Short-Term (within 5 years) Additional Staff, Emergency Management Performance Grant, (EMPG), additional funding 9 Action S9 SE 1.3 Seismic Evaluate the above-ground water storage tanks in the City to assess their potential inundation hazard in the event of catastrophic failure and ensure that all tanks are fitted with the appropriate seismic safeguards, including shut-off valves, in accordance with the most recent water tank design guidelines. Public Works/Building and Safety/Utility Providers Long-Term (within 10 years) Funding unknown 8 Action S12 SE 2.2 Geologic Maintain an updated map of slope failures in the City to show areas where debris flows, surficial mass wasting events, and rock falls are reported, especially during wet winters. Require geotechnical studies that assess this hazard in these areas, and where deemed necessary, erect protective devices such as barriers, rock fences, retaining structures, or catchment areas. Community Development/Public Works/developers and their geotechnical consultants Ongoing Adequate staffing, review fees paid by project proponent 5 Action S22 SE 3.2 Flood Identify properties in the City that are subject to reoccurring flooding and map their location in GIS in order to track infrastructure improvements and direct funding sources to those areas with the most need. Public Works/Information Technology/Community Development Short-to-long term (within the next 5 years) Adequate staffing/funding unknown 7 Action S27 SE 3.3 Flood Prepare and distribute informational materials to owners of properties within the flood zones (Zones A, AE and X) and inundations zones (Dams with the Potential to inundate the Menifee General Plan Area) regarding the potential for flooding in their area, including the potential for flooding of access routes to and from their neighborhoods. Community Development/Public Works Ongoing Adequate staffing to prepare materials/funding unknown 2 Action S36 SE 4.1 Fire Coordinate with the Riverside County Fire Department and train in NIMS-compliant emergency response procedures to provide assistance as needed during emergency situations. This includes conducting emergency response exercises, including mock earthquake-induced fire-scenario exercises, to evaluate and improve, as needed, the City’s ability to respond to the multiple ignitions that an earthquake is likely to generate. Public Works/Administrative Analyst Annually Adequate staffing/EMPG 4 Action S40 SE 4.2 Fire Evaluate, in cooperation with the Riverside County Fire Department, public notification systems (such as a reverse 911 system) that can be used to warn residents of an approaching wildfire and to provide evacuation instructions. Public Works/Administrative Analyst 2 years Adequate staffing/EMPG 11 Action S46 SE 5.1 Hazardous Identify roadways along which hazardous materials are routinely transported. If critical facilities, such as schools, medical facilities, child care centers or other facilities with special evacuation needs are located along these routes, the City, together with these facilities, will identify emergency response plans that can be implemented in the event of a roadway accident nearby that result in the unauthorized release of hazardous materials. Planning/Public Works/Administrative Analyst/Riverside County Fire Dept. Hazardous Materials Division Short-Term (within 5 years) Adequate staffing/funding unknown 10 Action S49 SE 5.3 Hazardous Continue to allocate funding to operate the City’s hazardous materials drop-off facility. Public Works/Finance Ongoing Adequate staffing and funding required to operate facility/ funding unknown 6 Action S56 SE 6.1 Disaster Response Continue to maintain mutual aid agreements with neighboring cities and the Riverside County Operational Areal. Public Works/Administrative Analyst in cooperation with the Riverside County Fire Department and other City agencies Ongoing Adequate staffing, funding unknown 1 Action S63 SE 6.1 Disaster Response Continue to support the development of local preparedness plans and multi-jurisdictional cooperation and communication for emergency situations consistent with regional, state (SIMS), and Federal standards, guidelines and/or recommendation (NIMS). Public Works/Administrative Analyst in cooperation with the Riverside County Fire Department and other City agencies Ongoing Adequate staffing with the necessary training, funding for the training of personnel and to prepare and implement the plans and agreements/EMPG City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 70 10.1 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS The City of Menifee’s Capital Improvement Plan52 will serve as top priority in the City’s mitigation efforts to reduce flooding and traffic circulation hazards. As Menifee matures, amenities are built and new residents join the community. While the population grows, so too does the need to increase our response times in emergency situations and in addition, creating enhanced evacuation routes. Additionally, the Bradley Road and Salt Creek Improvement will allow vehicles and pedestrian to safely pass during storms and act as a flood control facility. These projects are prioritized based on a combination of need, funding availability and readiness to begin. The need priority ranks projects based on impact to traffic circulation improvements. The funding requirement is essential in that the City must budget for the project now and secure additional outside funding to see them completed. 1. Newport Road Widening: (Completion date, Winter 2013) The Newport road widening project will improve traffic circulation by adding more lanes to this main thoroughfare and build the infrastructure necessary for future traffic signal coordination. 2. Menifee Road “Missing Link” Project: (Completion date, Winter 2013) This project will pave the “missing link” in Menifee Road which will improve north-south circulation east of Interstate 215. This project is developer driven and will include paving, striping and landscaping this section of Menifee Road. 3. Newport Road/Interstate 215 Interchange Improvement: (Completion date, Winter 2013) This project will help to alleviate traffic congestion on Newport Road by providing more through lanes over the freeway and easier freeway access. 4. Holland Road Overpass: (Completion date, Winter 2017) This project provides an additional east to west connectivity route over Interstate 215, relieving traffic congestion on Newport and Scott roads. The additional route will help alleviate traffic on Newport Road from Interstate 215 to Holland Road. 5. Bradley Road and Salt Creek Improvements: (Completion date, 2016) This drainage and flood control related project will enable Salt Creek to act as a flood control facility and therefore reduce the frequency of Bradley Road closures at Salt Creek due to flooding. 6. Scott Road/Interstate 215 Interchange Improvement: (Completion date, 2016) This highway interchange project will alleviate traffic congestion on Scott Road by providing more through lanes over the freeway and improving freeway access. 7. McCall Boulevard/Interstate 215 Interchange Improvement: (Completion date, TBD) This highway interchange project will alleviate traffic congestion on McCall Blvd. by improving freeway access and providing more through lanes over the freeway. 52 Appendix C. City of Menifee Capital Improvements Plan City of Menifee Local Hazard Mitigation Plan 71 11.0 PLAN MAINTENANCE 11.1 Monitoring, Evaluating, and Updating the Plan The Hazard Mitigation Plan is a living document that reflects the City’s ongoing hazard mitigation activities. The process of monitoring, evaluating, and updating the Plan will be critical to the effectiveness of hazard mitigation. The City of Menifee Public Works Division will be responsible for maintaining, evaluating, and updating the Plan. The City’s Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) will play a crucial role in providing direction, input, and guidance. The Public Works Administrative Analyst will lead the HMPC and will review and recommend for approval any Plan updates proposed by the HMPC. The Plan will be reviewed annually and updated every five years. Recommendation for Plan revisions will be based on the following criteria:  Changes in federal or state laws.  Accomplishment of Actions, Objectives and Goals.  Advances in knowledge or understanding of hazards.  Additional hazard events, including federally declared disasters.  Changes in the City’s risk to the identified and/or additional hazards.  Performance of mitigation projects during hazard events. The HMPC will convene annually to review the progress made towards the Plan’s goals and objectives. The HMPC will review each goal and objective to determine their relevance to changing situations in the City, as well as changes in state or federal policy and laws to ensure that the Plan is addressing current and expected conditions. The HMPC will also review the risk assessment section of the Plan to determine if this information should be updated or modified. The parties responsible for the various implementation actions will report on the status of their projects and will include which implementation processes worked well, any difficulties encountered, how coordination efforts were proceeding, and which strategies should be revised. 11.2 Continued Public Involvement The City of Menifee is dedicated to involving the public directly in the continual reshaping and updating of the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. The HMPC members will be responsible for the annual review and update of the Plan. The annual review will incorporate at least one public workshop to allow public involvement, input, and feedback about the Plan. Copies of the Plan will be kept on the City’s website, Sun City, Paloma Valley and Romoland Libraries. The HMPC will be responsible for publicizing the location of these copies at least 30 days prior to the annual meeting to allow adequate time for the public to review and provide input. Public input will be included on the agenda of each annual meeting.